Tej zaum yuav muaj ntau tshaj li qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev zam tsuas yog thaum yuav ib khub leggings lossis ib lub tsho tiv nag.
Tsuas yog qhov kev pheej hmoo ntau npaum li cas tseem tsis tau paub meej, tab sis cov tshuaj lom neeg tau pom nyob hauv ntau pua ntawm cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov khaub ncaws yuav tawm ntawm cov racks thoob tebchaws.
Ntau txhiab ntawm perfluoroalkyl thiab polyfluoroalkyl tshuaj, los yog PFAS, muaj nyob txij li thawj cov khoom tsim nyob rau hauv 1940s los tiv thaiv stains thiab sticking. PFAS chemicals yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khaub ncaws uas tsis muaj dej, thiab ua npuas dej. Lawv kev tsim khoom thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam tau ua rau cov dej tsis huv hauv lub tebchaws. Kuj tseem hu ua "tshuaj lom neeg mus ib txhis," cov tshuaj no tsis tawg hauv ib puag ncig thiab tuaj yeem khaws cia hauv peb lub cev thaum lub sijhawm.
Dej haus yog dav suav hais tias yog qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm raug thiab raug mob. Thiab, nyob rau lub Peb Hlis, Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv Ib puag ncig npaj thawj lub teb chaws tus qauv rau qib PFAS hauv cov dej haus. Tab sis cov tshuaj kuj tuaj yeem ua paug av, ntses, tsiaj txhu, thiab khoom noj khoom haus. Cov kws tshawb fawb hais tias lawv muaj nyob hauv cov ntshav ntawm yuav luag txhua tus neeg Asmeskas.
Txog tam sim no, tsoomfwv cov cai tswjfwm ntawm PFAS hauv cov neeg siv khoom lag luam tau tsom mus rau ib qho ntawm cov khoom qub qub mus ib txhis, xws li PFOA, lossis perfluorooctanoic acid. Tab sis cov kev cai lij choj tshiab hauv xeev tau tsom mus rau txhua yam tshuaj mus ib txhis.
Cov neeg siv khoom txhawj xeeb txog cov khaub ncaws kuj tig mus rau lub tsev hais plaub. Ib torrent tsis ntev los no cov chav kawm-txiav txim plaub ntug thov cov npe cuav tshaj tawm lawv cov khoom raws li ib puag ncig ruaj khov lossis noj qab haus huv thaum muaj cov tshuaj lom PFAS. Lub Ib Hlis, Thinx, uas ua rau lub sijhawm rov siv tau cov ris tsho hauv qab, tau pom zoo them txog $ 5 lab los daws qhov teeb meem. Lwm qhov kev foob, tawm tsam REI, feem ntau tsom rau nws txoj kab raincoat, tab tom mus rau hauv tsev hais plaub.
Los ntawm kev tsim khoom mus rau hnav, ntxuav, thiab tom qab ntawd pov tseg, "PFAS hauv cov khaub ncaws thiab textiles tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij," thov Avinash Kar, tus kws lij choj laus ntawm lub Lub Chaw Haujlwm Pabcuam Tiv Thaiv Lub Tebchaws, ib lub koom haum thoob ntiaj teb kev txhawb nqa ib puag ncig.
Txawm hais tias tag nrho cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm hnav tog raug liam tias muaj tshuaj lom tseem tsis tau paub, qhov cuam tshuam muaj feem cuam tshuam tau dav. A qhia los ntawm National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, thiab Tshuaj txuas PFAS raug mob qog noj ntshav, thyroid tsis ua haujlwm, hloov me me hauv qhov hnyav thaum yug, thiab cov roj cholesterol siab, thiab lwm yam kev txhawj xeeb.
Yog li cas cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum txhawj xeeb txog kev hnav khaub ncaws nrog cov tshuaj mus ib txhis hauv lawv?
PFAS tau pom muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam khaub ncaws xws li tsho los nag, hiking ris, tsho, thiab yoga ris thiab sports bras ua los ntawm cov npe nrov xws li Lululemon thiab Athleta.
Cov tshuaj nyob mus ib txhis yog siv los kho qhov chaw los thaiv dej thiab stains. Qhov tseeb, a 2022 qhia los ntawm Toxic-Free Future, ib lub koom haum tshawb fawb txog kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev txhawb nqa ib puag ncig, pom tias ze li peb lub hlis twg ntawm cov khoom uas sau tias yog dej- lossis stain-resistant kuaj pom zoo rau lawv.
Cov pab pawg tau taw qhia rau kev tshawb fawb qhia tias cov ntaub nrog cov hom PFAS, hu ua side-chain fluorinated polymers, emit chemicals volatile into the air and, when washed, into the water. "Dab tsi koj tuaj yeem xav tau yog tias lub tsho tiv nag uas muaj qhov kev kho saum npoo no, dhau sijhawm, tso tawm PFAS rau ib puag ncig," said. Erika Schreder, Toxic-Free Future's science director.
PFAS kuj tseem siv tau los ua ib daim nyias nyias - ib txheej nyias nyias hauv cov ntaub uas thaiv cov dej tsis dhau. Cov tshuab no muaj nyob hauv cov khoom tsim nrog Gore-Tex. Xws li breathable tsis tau waterproof txheej ntawm ntaub yog siv nyob rau hauv lub tsho, ris, khau boots, thiab hnab looj tes nyob rau hauv kaum ob hom ntawm sab nraum zoov hnav. Qee zaum, cov khaub ncaws muaj ob qho tib si daim nyias nyias thiab kev kho saum npoo.
Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb luam tawm xyoo tas los los ntawm lub American Tshuaj Society pom cov khoom siv textile muag hauv Asmeskas thiab Canada muaj cov PFAS siab hauv cov ntaub ntawv siv hauv cov menyuam yaus cov khaub ncaws ua lag luam raws li stain-resistant.
"Qhov no cuam tshuam rau peb vim tias cov khaub ncaws no muaj txog li yim lossis 10 teev hauv ib hnub, txhua hnub, los ntawm cov menyuam yaus thaum xyoo kawm ntawv," Marta Venier, tus pab xibfwb ntawm Indiana University-Bloomington thiab tus kws sau ntawv ntawm txoj kev tshawb no. "Cov menyuam yaus tshwj xeeb yog raug rau cov tshuaj lom neeg vim tias lawv lub cev tseem tab tom tsim."
Tab sis daim tawv nqaij kov tsuas yog ib txoj hauv kev uas tib neeg yuav raug rau cov tshuaj no. PFAS tau pom lawv txoj kev mus rau hauv tsev neeg feem ntau los ntawm dej, huab cua, plua plav, thiab xab npum. PFAS tseem tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm cov ntaub pua plag lossis rooj tog zaum, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv kho mob rau ntawm rooj tog thiab khaub ncaws.
Kev kawm ntawm daim tawv nqaij lossis "kev raug mob dermal" los ntawm kev hnav ntaub yog qhov nyuaj tshwj xeeb. Tsuas yog vim hais tias ib yam khoom muaj PFAS tsis txhais hais tias cov tshuaj yuav taug kev los ntawm lub tsho los yog ob lub luv luv hla ntawm daim tawv nqaij mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha, hais. Stuart Harrad, tus xibfwb ntawm ib puag ncig chemistry ntawm University of Birmingham.
Txog tam sim no, Harrad tau pom tias PFAS tuaj yeem xaus - los ntawm cov ntaub los yog plua plav - hauv daim tawv nqaij cov roj thiab hws. Tab sis kev tshawb fawb ntxiv yuav tsum tau ua kom kuaj xyuas seb cov tshuaj no puas hloov mus rau hauv cov ntshav. "Los ntawm qhov peb tau pom, nws yeej yog ib yam uas peb yuav tsum tsis txhob tsis quav ntsej," nws hais.
Feem ntau, txawm li cas los xij, nws nyuaj dua rau cov tshuaj PFAS nkag mus rau hauv lub cev los ntawm transdermal raug ntau dua li ntawm lub plab zom mov, hais tias Dr. Ned Calonge, tus thawj saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Colorado Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv uas tau koom ua ke sau tsab ntawv tshaj tawm hauv tebchaws.
Levi Strauss tau nres siv cov tshuaj. Lwm hom, xws li Patagonia, LL Bean, Lululemon, thiab Eddie Bauer, tau cog lus tias yuav faib lawv tawm hauv ob peb xyoos tom ntej no. Thaum lub Ob Hlis lig, REI tso tawm cov qauv tshiab uas yuav tsum tau muaj feem ntau cookware thiab textile khoom kom tsis pub PFAS thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg 2024. Cov khw muag khoom said nyob rau hauv ib daim ntawv qhia xyoo tas los uas nws tau "ua haujlwm tau ntau xyoo rau theem tawm PFAS" thiab yog "sim kev hloov tshiab."
WL Gore & Associates, tus tsim khoom ntawm Gore-Tex thiab cov chaw tsim khoom loj heev ntawm huab cua-repellent ntaub, hais tias nws npaj mus rau "kev hloov pauv feem coob ntawm nws cov neeg siv khoom lag luam thaum kawg ntawm 2025." Xyoo tas los, lub tuam txhab debuted ib daim nyias nyias uas siv cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj fluorinated thiab tuaj yeem pom hauv cov tsho uas muag los ntawm Arc'teryx, Patagonia, thiab lwm hom.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj kev saib xyuas, kev cog lus hauv tuam txhab tsis yog qhov lav, thiab ib txwm muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntawm kev sib kis, PFAS cov kws tshaj lij tau hais. Gore, piv txwv li, hais tau ntau xyoo dhau los tias lub tuam txhab tau tshem tawm PFOA los ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv. Tab sis hauv nws qhov kev sim xyoo tas los, Toxic-Free Future pom nws hauv REI Gore-Tex rain jackets. Gore tus kws tshaj lij Amy Calhoun tau tawm tsam cov kev tshawb pom thiab hais tias lub tuam txhab suav tias nws tus kheej yog tus thawj coj hauv "kev tswj hwm tshuaj lom neeg."
Cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw tshuaj lom neeg pom qhov no yog qhov cuam tshuam thiab saib xyuas zoo li cov tuam txhab lag luam tawm mus ib txhis tshuaj lom neeg thiab nias kom pom tseeb txog qhov kev xaiv twg raug xaiv thiab lawv yuav muaj kev nyab xeeb npaum li cas.
EPA muaj teem tawm los tswj qee cov tshuaj lom neeg laus feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov khoom tuaj. Cov ntawd kuj tau txwv nyob rau hauv European Union thiab phased tawm los ntawm cov tuam txhab loj hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas, feem ntau hloov los ntawm PFAS tiam tshiab, uas tawm hauv lub cev sai dua thiab tsis tshua muaj peev xwm tsim hauv lub cev. Calhoun tau hais tias "Thaum tham txog ntau pawg tshuaj hu ua PFAS, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias tsis yog txhua tus PFAS zoo ib yam," Calhoun hais. Qee Gore Cov khoom siv PTFE, ib lub tuam txhab polymer hais tias "muaj kev txhawj xeeb tsawg." Raws li lub cev loj hlob ntawm kev tshawb fawb, txawm li cas los xij, cov PFAS tshiab no feem ntau muaj cov tshuaj lom zoo sib xws.
Kev nruj dua, xeev-theem kev txwv tsis pub tsom cov khaub ncaws tau nthuav tawm. Maine tam sim no xav tau cov tuam txhab kom tshaj tawm PFAS hauv lawv cov khoom rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv xeev. Cov tshuaj yuav raug txwv tag nrho nyob rau thaum pib ntawm 2030, thaum Washington lub xeev yuav txwv PFAS hauv khaub ncaws thiab lwm yam khoom siv los ntawm 2025.
Txoj cai tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tau los nyob rau hauv ob lub xeev nrog cov neeg siv khoom lag luam loj uas cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav ntxub kev zam, tsim kom muaj tus qauv zoo rau lub tebchaws. A California txoj cai lij choj dhau xyoo tas los txwv cov tuam txhab los ntawm kev tsim khoom, xa tawm, lossis muag PFAS cov khaub ncaws uas pib xyoo 2025, tab sis cov cai no yuav tsis siv rau huab cua huab cua thiab khaub ncaws tiv thaiv tus kheej kom txog thaum 2028. New York law hloov kho thaum lub Peb Hlis lig ua raws li kev cai.
Yog li qhov twg uas tawm ntawm cov neeg siv khoom? Calonge tau hais tias cov neeg uas twb muaj PFAS siab hauv lawv cov ntshav ntshav yuav tsum muaj kev paub ntau ntxiv txog cov khaub ncaws uas lawv hnav. Zej Zog kuaj ntshav tab tom tab tom ua hauv thaj chaw uas paub txog PFAS raug, tab sis cov tib neeg tuaj yeem nrhiav nws los ntawm kev nug lawv tus kws kho mob.
"Lub sijhawm ntawd kuv yuav txiav txim siab tsis hnav khaub ncaws uas kuv paub tias muaj PFAS hauv nws," nws hais.
Yog tias tsis muaj pov thawj zoo sib txuas ntawm daim tawv nqaij los ntawm cov khaub ncaws mus rau upticks hauv PFAS hauv cov ntshav ntshav, Calonge tau hais tias, rau tam sim no, kev txiav txim siab feem ntau tau ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo siab.
Nws tus kheej kos cov kab ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj txhuam hniav uas qhia rau muaj cov tshuaj mus ib txhis.
KHN (Kaiser Health News) yog chav xov xwm thoob ntiaj teb uas ua rau sau xov xwm txog kev mob nkeeg. Ua ke nrog Kev Tshawb Xyuas Txoj Cai thiab Kev Xaiv Tsa, KHN yog ib qho ntawm peb qho kev ua haujlwm loj ntawm KFF (Kaiser Family Foundation). KFF yog lub koom haum muab txiaj ntsig tsis muaj txiaj ntsig muab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev noj qab haus huv rau hauv lub tebchaws.
Rov luam tawm peb cov ntawv dawb, hauv online lossis luam tawm, raws li daim ntawv tso cai Creative Commons.
