Zaj dab neeg no yog ib yam khoom ntawm tus Mississippi River Basin Ag & Lub Rooj Dej, ib qho kev tshaj tawm xov xwm ywj pheej raws li hauv University of Missouri Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Sau Xov Xwm hauv kev koom tes nrog Kev Qhia Txog Asmeskas thiab tau txais nyiaj los ntawm Walton Family Foundation. Wisconsin Saib yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub network. Sau npe rau peb tsab ntawv xov xwm kom tau txais peb cov xov xwm ncaj qha rau koj lub inbox.
Yuav ua li cas koj rhuav tshem cov pa phem heev, nws yog lub npe hu ua "cov tshuaj mus ib txhis"?
Qhov ntawd yog cov lus nug cov kws tshawb fawb thiab cov tuam txhab thoob plaws lub tebchaws tau mob siab rau teb, raws li kev tswj hwm nruj ntawm PFAS, lossis per- thiab polyfluoroalkyl tshuaj, thiab cov tshuaj 'cov neeg tsim khoom ntsib lub roob ntawm kev foob.
Cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj ceev ceev, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tua hluav taws, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis zoo thiab cov tshuaj txhuam hniav. Lawv tsis tawg yooj yim hauv ib puag ncig, lawv yooj yim ntws nrog dej, thiab kev tshawb fawb tau txuas rau lawv rau kev noj qab haus huv xws li kev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev xeeb tub thiab qee yam mob qog noj ntshav.
Kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj tsis zoo yog "tus ntxhw ntau txhiab daus las nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm peb," hais tias Corey Theriault, tus kws tshaj lij tau tsom mus rau PFAS kev kho mob ntawm lub tuam txhab engineering thiab kev sab laj Arcadis.
PFAS tau raug rhuav tshem los ntawm kev hlawv, tab sis muaj lus nug txog kev ua haujlwm kub hnyiab zoo li cas, thiab Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv tau txwv tsis pub siv cov tshuaj tua hluav taws. xyoo dhau los.
Txhua tus neeg los ntawm cov chaw muab dej hauv nroog mus rau Fortune-100 cov tuam txhab tau pom muaj kev txaus siab rau cov thev naus laus zis, Theriault tau hais. US Army Corps of Engineers tab tom muab daim ntawv cog lus los daws, rhuav tshem thiab hloov cov hluav taws tua hluav taws ua npuas ncauj uas nplua nuj nyob hauv PFAS, muaj nqis txog $ 800 lab, raws li tsoomfwv cov ntaub ntawv thov.
PFAS tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam heev hauv cov khoom siv vim tias cov pa roj carbon-fluorine ruaj khov uas ua rau cov kev sib txuas hauv "short-chain" thiab "long-chain" versions of the chemicals. Cov ntawv cog lus no pab tua cov stains, dej thiab roj, thiab txiav tawm cov pa oxygen mus rau qhov phom sij txaus ntshai.
Tab sis daim ntawv cog lus tshuaj no kuj nyuaj heev kom tawg.
Ntau txoj hauv kev tau sim tam sim no los tshem tawm PFAS feem ntau tau siv hauv lwm cov tshuaj ntxuav. Cov kws ua haujlwm sim ua kom tawg cov molecules hauv kev hloov pauv siab cookers; faib lawv nrog UV teeb thiab energized additives; rupture PFAS chains nrog hluav taws xob, los yog strips sib nrug atoms nrog txias plasma, ib tug them thiab reactive roj.
Tseem tsis tau siv tshuab thev naus laus zis los ntawm qhov loj, tab sis Theriault tau hais tias cov kev sib tw tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kev txhim kho tuaj yeem npaj tau rau hauv 18 txog XNUMX lub hlis tom ntej.
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ib qho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis no yuav ncaj qha kho cov dej tsis huv. Ua ntej, cov dej yuav tsum tau lim kom cov PFAS xaus rau hauv ib qho kev mloog zoo uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev kho, vim tias muaj ntau cov tshuaj hauv txhua nkas loos. Lub xeev Minnesota twb siv lub tshuab nqus PFAS tawm ntawm cov dej hauv av los ntawm pheej nplawm cov dej hauv av mus rau hauv ib lub npuas, qhov twg cov tshuaj nyiam mus sau.
Timothy Strathmann, tus xibfwb ntawm pej xeem thiab ib puag ncig engineering ntawm Colorado School of Mines hais tias "Tus nqi ib ntim ntawm cov kua los kho rau cov kev puas tsuaj no ntau dua." Nws tab tom tsim txoj kev puas tsuaj hu ua hydrothermal alkaline kev kho mob lossis HALT, uas nws tau piav qhia tias yog "lub siab cooker ntawm steroids."
Qhov xav tau rau cov kua zaub ua kom muaj zog rau kev sim tau ua rau tsawg kawg ib lub tuam txhab lag luam los tso lawv cov khoom rau Minnesota, vim tias lub xeev twb tau tsim nws nrog nws cov tshuab lim, Drew Tarara, tus kws tshawb fawb geologist thiab tus thawj tswj haujlwm nrog AECOM hais.
Tarara tau hais tias "Nws zoo li txhua tus tau sim ua kom lawv ko taw hauv qhov rooj," Tarara hais.
Minnesota koom tes nrog AECOM los tshawb xyuas PFAS thev naus laus zis tshiab. Thawj rau lub hlis ntawm qhov kev sim sim no raug nqi $ 500,000, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency tus cev lus Andrea Cournoyer tau sau hauv email.
Minnesota tom ntej no yuav siv De-Fluoro system, ib qho kev lag luam hluav taws xob ua lag luam los ntawm AECOM, sim ua kom puas PFAS hauv nws cov foamy concentrate.
Lub xeev ntsib teeb meem PFAS ntau xyoo dhau los nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Twin Cities qhov chaw Maplewood-based 3M, yog ib qho ntawm PFAS cov neeg tsim khoom thiab cov chaw tsim khoom, cov dej paug hauv av nrog cov av xau thiab cov chaw pov tseg. Cov nyiaj los ntawm kev foob lub xeev tau txiav txim nrog 3M hauv 2018 yog them rau cov haujlwm uas tau ua tiav hnub no nrog AECOM.
3M nyuam qhuav tshaj tawm tias nws yuav txwv tsis pub siv cov tshuaj hauv nws cov khoom los ntawm 2025. Tab sis qhov kev sib tw ntawm ntxuav tej yam uas twb khiav mus rau hauv ib puag ncig seem.
Lub tsev De-Fluoro yog "tseem ntau heev hauv kev sim teb," Tarara hais. Chav tsev yuav raug sim ntawm Washington County qhov chaw pov tseg rau txog rau lub lis piam, qhov chaw uas nws yuav ua tiav lub xeev cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg PFAS mloog zoo, tab sis Tarara thiab cov thawj coj hauv lub xeev tau ceev faj txog kev piav qhia tias De-Fluoro yuav ua li cas. Rebecca Higgins, tus kws tshaj lij hydrogeologist ntawm MPCA, yav dhau los hais rau Star Tribune tias De-Fluoro tsuas yog tuaj yeem rub cov saw ntev PFAS rau hauv ntu luv dua li tsis ua kom puas tsuaj.
Cov tub ceev xwm hauv xeev tau hais ua ntej lawv xav sim lwm yam thev naus laus zis, ib yam nkaus. Cournoyer tau sau tias txhua lub tshuab ntxiv yuav raug xaiv raws li lub xeev txoj cai kev yuav khoom, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tseem yuav tshawb nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txog kev tshaj tawm txog lwm yam thev naus laus zis.
Tab sis lub ntiaj teb ntawm PFAS kev puas tsuaj yog rife nrog cov tswv cuab thiab cov ntawv cog lus tsis qhia tawm, ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev ntsuam xyuas qhov ua tau zoo. Ib qho tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb yog kev tshawb fawb luam tawm hauv phau ntawv Journal Science xyoo tas los, qhov twg cov kws tshawb fawb tau boiled cov tshuaj nrog ob lub tebchaw uas tsis muaj cua sov. Tab sis txoj kev tseem nyob hauv kev sim kuaj.
Cov tuam txhab xws li Claros Technologies, uas yog Minnesota-based startup, feem ntau yog niam hais txog leej twg yog tus tswv ntawm PFAS pov tseg lawv tab tom sim, vim tias cov koom tes yuav muaj kev lav phib xej. Qhov ntawd ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev lees paub lub tuam txhab cov txiaj ntsig tau hais tseg: 99.9% rau 99.99% kev puas tsuaj ntawm PFAS, thaum kho nrog UV teeb thiab ib qho ntxiv.
Cov kev ntsuam xyuas rau Claros tsis raug txheeb xyuas hauv cov neeg txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb, vim tias cov txheej txheem yog tus tswv.
John Brockgreitens, tus thawj coj ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho rau Claros, hais tias lub tuam txhab muaj ib hnub vam tias yuav kho ntau txhiab nkas loos kua txhua hnub. Tab sis nws tau lees paub tias nws nyuaj los teb cov lus nug ntxaws txog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm lub tuam txhab cov txheej txheem photochemical.
"Peb tham nrog pab pawg kws tshawb fawb thiab lawv nug peb ib yam," nws hais. "Kev taug txoj kab ntawd yog qhov nyuaj."
Theriault, uas tau hais tias nws lub tuam txhab tseem "tsis lees paub" ntawm cov thev naus laus zis uas nws pom zoo rau nws cov neeg siv khoom, hais tias Arcadis tau koom tes nrog Claros thiab tias lawv txoj kev "tau qhia nws cov lus cog tseg" kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev siv ntau dua li lwm txoj hauv kev.
Theriault tau hais tias "Tsis muaj ib qho thev naus laus zis uas yuav cuam tshuam nws hla lub rooj tsavxwm,"
Tab sis rau cov zej zog ntsib kev ua qias tuaj, cov thev naus laus zis tuaj tsis tau sai sai, vim tias tam sim no txoj kev tuav pov tseg tsis muaj cov tshuaj.
Rainer Lohmann, tus thawj coj ntawm University of Rhode Island's STEEP lab thiab ib txoj cai ntawm PFAS hais tias "Txhua qhov chaw pov tseg yuav ua tsis tiav, nws tsis muaj teeb meem li cas lawv tau tsim,"
Ntau qhov chaw pov tseg tsis lees txais cov pov tseg uas paub tias muaj kab mob PFAS, cov peev txheej tau hais.
Thiab kom txog thaum tus tswj hwm zoo li Lub Chaw Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib Cheeb Tsam tau teeb tsa cov qauv rau PFAS kom huv si yuav tsum raug rhuav tshem, tsis muaj ib qho qauv ntsuas rau cov thev naus laus zis tshiab, Lohmann tau hais.
"Nws puas ua puas 95%? 99%? Koj ua li cas nrog lwm tus? Lohmann hais.
Rov luam tawm peb cov ntawv dawb, hauv online lossis luam tawm, raws li daim ntawv tso cai Creative Commons.
