Cov dej siab, ntev dej nyab hloov pauv ecosystem ntawm Upper Mississippi, tsab ntawv ceeb toom tshiab pom

Sijhawm Nyeem Ntawv: 5 feeb

Zaj dab neeg no yog ib yam khoom ntawm tus Mississippi River Basin Ag & Lub Rooj Dej, ib qho kev tshaj tawm xov xwm ywj pheej raws li hauv University of Missouri Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Sau Xov Xwm hauv kev koom tes nrog Kev Qhia Txog Asmeskas thiab tau txais nyiaj los ntawm Walton Family Foundation. Wisconsin Saib yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub network. Sau npe rau peb tsab ntawv xov xwm kom tau txais peb cov xov xwm ncaj qha rau koj lub inbox.

Cov dej siab thiab dej nyab ntev ntev tau hloov chaw nyob raws tus Dej Mississippi, raws li a daim ntawv qhia tshiab txheeb xyuas ze li 30 xyoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.

Lub pas dej sab saud yog qhov dej nyab ntuj uas hla los ntawm Minnesota mus txog Wisconsin thiab Iowa mus rau Cairo, Illinois. Nws yog ib cheeb tsam ecologically ntau haiv neeg, muaj wetlands, marshes thiab hav zoov.

Daim ntawv tshaj tawm, tshaj tawm lub lim tiam dhau los, qhia tau hais tias muaj huab cua nyob hauv Upper Mississippi nyob rau ob peb lub xyoo dhau los, ib qho qauv uas - txhawb nqa los ntawm kev hloov pauv huab cua thiab kev siv av - zoo li yuav txuas ntxiv mus.

Daim ntawv tshaj tawm tau ua los ntawm US Geological Survey, Department of Interior, Army Corps of Engineers thiab Upper Mississippi River Basin Association. Nws yog qhov thib peb ntawm nws hom uas tsim los ntawm cov Upper Mississippi River Restoration program, uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1986 los ua qhov kev soj ntsuam mus sij hawm ntev ntawm lub phiab thiab tsom mus rau kev kho vaj tse nyob.

Kirsten Wallace, tus thawj coj ntawm Upper Mississippi River Basin Association, tau hais tias qhov kev tshawb pom no yog qhov pib zoo rau kev nkag siab txog dab tsi tau cuam tshuam rau tus dej nyob.

Wallace tau hais tias "txoj kev tswj dej huv uas peb tau muab tso rau hauv toj roob hauv pes tau ua haujlwm," Wallace tau hais, tab sis "kev hloov pauv huab cua thiab hloov dej ua rau lub neej yav tom ntej tsis paub txawm tias peb muaj cov kev hloov mus sij hawm ntev."

Lwm lub koom haum kawm thiab tshaj tawm cov lus ceeb toom ntawm tus dej, xws li America's Watershed Initiative, uas tau tshaj tawm C- qib rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tag nrho cov phiab hauv nws. 2020 report card, hais txog kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig, dej ntws los ntawm thaj av ua liaj ua teb thiab kev xav tau nyiaj txiag tsis tu ncua rau kev laus cov xauv, dams thiab cov chaw nres nkoj.

Wallace tau hais tias tsab ntawv ceeb toom no tuaj yeem pab tib neeg nkag siab tias tus dej tau hloov pauv li cas hauv ntau qhov chaw thaum lub sijhawm.

Wallace tau hais tias "Tus dej yog complex, ib sab mus rau sab txawm, sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb," Wallace hais. “Nws tsuas yog hloov pauv txhua lub sijhawm, yog li koj tsis tuaj yeem hais tias tus dej tsis zoo. Koj tsis tuaj yeem hais tias tus dej yog qhov zoo. "

Cov ntawv tshaj tawm dhau los tau tshaj tawm xyoo 1998 thiab 2008. Tab sis qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam tshiab - ncua ntau xyoo thiab tshuaj xyuas ntau dua 800 mais ntawm tus dej - tuaj yeem muab cov duab pom tseeb ntev dua, hais tias Jeff Houser, USGS tshawb fawb ecologist thiab kev tshawb fawb tus thawj coj ntawm lub sijhawm ntev. kev saib xyuas cov peev txheej.

Houser tau hais tias "Los ntawm muaj cov ntaub ntawv mus sij hawm ntev tau teeb tsa ntau qhov chaw, peb tuaj yeem pib nkag siab ntau yam ntawm (tus dej ntws) hloov pauv," Houser hais.

Nov yog saib qee qhov ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm cov kev tshawb pom tseem ceeb.

Cov dej ntau dua, dej nyab ntev dua

Kev tso tawm ntau dua, lossis hais kom yooj yim, cov dej ntau dhau los ntawm tus dej, yog qhov kev hloov pauv loj tshaj plaws tau pom thoob plaws hauv Upper Mississippi River system, daim ntawv tshaj tawm cov kws sau ntawv sau.

Kev hloov pauv huab cua - uas ua rau muaj dej nag hnyav dua, daus ntau dua thiab kub dua - nrog rau kev siv av thiab tsim kev txwv xws li levees txhua tus yuav ua lub luag haujlwm, raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom, txawm hais tias nws tsis nkag siab tag nrho tias txhua tus tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau npaum li cas.

Sab qaum teb Midwest tau kwv yees tias yuav ntub dej rau yav tom ntej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub caij ntuj no thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav, raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom. Thiab nyob rau hauv tus dej, qhov nce ntawm qhov chaw uas impervious - txhais tau tias lawv tsis tso cai rau dej los ntawm thiab tsau rau hauv av - yog yuam kom dej ntau rau hauv tus dej thiab nws cov tributaries.

Levees thiab cov phab ntsa dej nyab uas tau tsim los tiv thaiv dej nyab kuj tau txiav tawm ntau qhov chaw ntub dej los ntawm qhov seem ntawm cov ecosystem, txo qis kev sib txawv ntawm ecological. Qhov no yog qhov teeb meem ntau dua nyob rau sab qis ntawm sab sauv, hauv Missouri, Illinois thiab Iowa, qhov tsawg kawg yog 50% ntawm tus dej raug txwv los ntawm levees.

Dej nyab hav zoov npog poob qis

Feem ntau cov seem ntawm Upper Mississippi River poob hav zoov npog li ntawm peb lub xyoos dhau los, feem ntau vim dej nyab thiab kab mob, daim ntawv tshaj tawm pom.

Tsob ntoo raws tus dej tau siv rau qee qhov dej nyab, tab sis thaum lawv cov pob tw thiab cov hauv paus hniav nyob rau lub sijhawm ntev, lawv raug kev txom nyem thiab qee zaum tuag, Houser hais.

Thaum cov ntoo tuag, cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv, xws li reed canarygrass thiab Japanese hops - ob qho tib si loj hlob sai heev lawv tuaj yeem txwv kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo tshiab. Cov emerald ash borer tseem hem cov ntoo tshauv ntsuab, ib qho ntawm ntau hom tsiaj nyob hauv dej nyab.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv hav zoov hav zoov hav zoov, tab sis Houser tau hais tias nws yuav yooj yim dua rau kev tsom mus rau kev tswj hwm cov kab mob uas cuam tshuam ntau dua li hais txog tsob ntoo poob los ntawm dej nyab ntau dhau - uas tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntau dua yav tom ntej thaum lub ntiaj teb sov.

Ib qho kev nthuav dav ntawm tus dej sab saud, nruab nrab ntawm Missouri thiab Ohio Rivers, bucks qhov sib txawv no. Ntau tsob ntoo loj hlob hauv qhov dej nyab, thiab Houser tau hais tias lawv tsis paub meej vim li cas.

Dej clarity txhim kho, tab sis dej ntws yog siab

Feem ntau, qhov dej ntws tawm ntawm thaj av ntau dua, nws ntws sai dua. Houser tau hais tias feem ntau nqa cov pob zeb ntau dua thiab cov khoom noj khoom haus los ntawm cov teb ua liaj ua teb, uas tuaj yeem tua cov nroj tsuag hauv tus dej thiab thaum kawg ua rau Dead Zone, thaj chaw qis qis ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus dej hauv Gulf of Mexico.

Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub Upper stretches ntawm lub system, daim duab yog ntau nyuaj: cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv dej yog thriving thiab dej clarity tau zoo dua txawm tias ntau dua tawm. Muaj ib qho me me tab sis tseem ceeb txo qis hauv tag nrho cov khib nyiab pov tseg, cov khoom - zoo li cov xuab zeb thiab av - hauv dej, thiab txo qis hauv tag nrho cov phosphorus, uas zoo li lo rau cov khoom.

Minnesota Department of Natural Resources cov neeg ua hauj lwm coj cov nroj tsuag hauv dej ua ib feem ntawm Upper Mississippi River Restoration program txoj kev saib xyuas mus sij hawm ntev. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tau sau cov ntaub ntawv los ntsuas seb cov nroj tsuag muab zaub mov zoo li cas, thaj chaw spawning thiab vaj tse rau ntses, tsiaj qus thiab invertebrates. (US Geological Survey)

Muaj ntau lub xeev thiab tsoomfwv cov kev pabcuam ua haujlwm los txo cov kev ua liaj ua teb thoob plaws hauv Midwest sab saud, thiab cov kev tshawb pom yuav qhia tau tias qee qhov kev siv zog ua haujlwm, Houser tau hais. Cov nroj tsuag hauv dej, uas tau rov qab los tom qab kev poob qis hauv xyoo 1980s, kuj tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej nrawm nrawm thiab pab cov av qis. Nyob rau hauv lem, dej ntshiab tso cai rau lub hnub ci mus txog cov nroj tsuag thiab txhawb kev loj hlob.

Nws tau hais tias "Nws zoo li cov nroj tsuag nws tus kheej tau pab kom paub meej cov dej ntxiv," nws hais.

Nyob deb ntawm tus dej, cov nroj tsuag dej muaj tsawg dua. Thiab txawm tias qhov pom tau txo qis, cov dej ntws tawm tseem tseem tshaj US Environmental Protection Agency cov qauv ntsuas, raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom.

Invasive carp noj tshaj

Silver carp thiab bighead carp, uas yog thawj zaug pom nyob rau hauv Upper Mississippi River hauv 1990s, tam sim no sawv cev txog li 65% ntawm cov ntses nyob rau hauv peb qhov chaw kawm yav qab teb.

Cov nyiaj thiab cov carp loj no tau sau los ntawm US Geological Survey cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau ntawm Illinois River, tus thawj coj ntawm tus dej Mississippi. Cov carp invasive, uas tau pom thawj zaug hauv Upper Mississippi River hauv 1990s, tam sim no txuas mus thoob plaws feem ntau ntawm Upper Mississippi River System. (US Geological Survey)

Lawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua cov ntses feem ntau thiab tseem noj plankton, uas txhua tus ntses hluas noj thiab qee cov ntses noj tag nrho lawv lub neej. Yog li lawv tuaj yeem tshem ntau cov zaub mov tawm hauv dej ncaj qha hauv kev sib tw nrog lwm cov ntses.

Invasive carp yog "prolific reproducers" uas tuaj yeem yug tau ntau tiam neeg ntawm cov ntses hauv ib xyoos, Houser tau hais.

Nrov kis las ntses hom tau poob qis hauv qhov qis ntawm qhov system, nrog rau cov ntses forage, uas sawv cev rau nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus.

Nws tsis paub meej tias cov carp tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tuav tau nyob rau sab saud ntawm tus dej, qhov chaw uas lawv tau pom tab sis tseem tsis tau pib tswj hwm, Houser tau hais. Qee pawg neeg tawm tswv yim ib puag ncig tau thawb rau ib qho suab nrov yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv dej nyob rau sab qaum teb kom tsis txhob muaj carp los ntawm.