Wisconsin Saib yog lub koom haum tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tsis koom nrog xov xwm. Subscribe rau peb nawb tsab ntawv xov xwm kom tau txais peb cov dab neeg tshawb nrhiav thiab xov xwm hnub Friday sib sau ua ke.
As Wisconsin thiab lwm lub xeev qhov muag tau kev cai lij choj ntawm kev siv tshuaj maj rau kev kho mob lossis kev ua si, ntau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv cannabis tseem tsis tau nkag siab tag nrho. Tab sis ib qho yog qhov tseeb: Cov kws tshawb fawb tawm tswv yim tawm tsam kev siv los ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas tshaj kev txhawj xeeb ntawm kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lawv lub hlwb kev loj hlob.
Dr. Angela Janis, tus thawj coj ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws rau University of Wisconsin-Madison's University Health Services hais tias "Cov menyuam yaus thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas yog qhov chaw uas peb yuav tsum saib tshaj plaws."
Txog thaum tib neeg mus txog lawv nruab nrab-20s, lawv lub hlwb tseem tab tom txhim kho. Janis ceeb toom tias cov tub ntxhais hluas uas siv hnyav yuav raug txo qis kev mloog, kev nco thiab kev xav - thiab muaj feem ntau ntawm kev vam khom.
Janis yuav tsum paub: Tsis yog nws tsuas yog tus kws kho mob hlwb xwb, tab sis nws kuj yog tus thawj coj kho mob rau Minnesota-based tshuaj kho mob cannabis tuam txhab, LeafLine Labs.
US Surgeon General ua ntej xyoo no tshwj xeeb ceeb toom rau cov hluas thiab cov poj niam cev xeeb tub tiv thaiv kev siv cannabis.
Ib pawg bipartisan ntawm cov neeg tsim cai lij choj tau thov kom legalizing nws rau kev siv kho mob hauv Wisconsin.
Kev tsim txom ntawm kev siv tshuaj maj ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov hluas yog ib qho laj thawj Cov Ntse Ua Haujlwm rau Marijuana tawm tsam kev cai lij choj, hais tias Colton Grace, tus kws tshaj lij rau pab pawg, uas txhawb nqa "kev noj qab haus huv thawj txoj hauv kev rau tshuaj maj txoj cai." Cov xeev suav nrog Colorado qhov chaw ua si yeeb tshuaj xas raug cai, tau pib cuam tshuam nrog qhov teeb meem ntawm Cov tub ntxhais hluas tau siv ntau lub zog cannabis nyob rau hauv edible thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv.
Cov Lus Nug Cannabis yog cov lus qhia txhawm txog kev nug txog cov lus pom zoo uas ua rau cov neeg siv tshuaj maj nyob hauv Wisconsin.
Lwm yam dab neeg: Wisconsinites siv cov tshuaj cannabis ua cov tshuaj, tab sis kev tshawb fawb thiab kev cai lij choj tseem tsis tau ua lawv sab
Txawm li cas los, lub qhov tseeb tshawb nrhiav pom tias cov tub ntxhais hluas cov yeeb tshuaj xas siv "tej zaum yuav poob qis tom qab kev cai lij choj rau kev ua si," raws li kev tshawb fawb luam tawm nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli hauv Phau Ntawv Xov Xwm ntawm American Medical Association Pediatrics. Cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv qib siab hauv California, Colorado, Montana thiab Oregon raws li qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm 1.4 lab cov lus teb rau cov tub ntxhais hluas tus cwj pwm kev tshawb fawb hauv 34 lub xeev.
Qhov tshwm sim, lawv tau sau tias, "raws li qhov kev tshawb pom yav dhau los thiab nrog kev sib cav tias nws nyuaj rau cov tub ntxhais hluas kom tau cov yeeb tshuaj xas vim cov neeg muag tshuaj raug hloov los ntawm cov chaw muag tshuaj uas muaj ntawv tso cai uas yuav tsum muaj pov thawj hnub nyoog."
Hauv nws qhov kev tawm tsam rau tag nrho kev cai lij choj, Grace kuj tau taw qhia rau kev tshawb fawb hais tias kev siv cannabis thaum ntxov tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj tsis tuaj yeem rau ib tus IQ. Thiab ib tsom xam ntawm ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau tsa kev txhawj xeeb txog kev sib txuas ntawm kev siv cannabis thiab mob hlwb.
Ib phau ntawv tshaj tawm thaum Lub Ib Hlis los ntawm yav dhau los New York Times tus neeg sau xov xwm Alex Berenson, "Qhia Koj Cov Me Nyuam: Qhov Tseeb Txog Marijuana, Kev Mob Hlwb, thiab Kev Ua Phem," txuas cov cannabis siv rau tus mob schizophrenia thiab kev ua phem - "kev sib txuas uas cov neeg tawm tswv yim cannabis xav tau zais. ”
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering thiab Medicine's 2017 daim ntawv qhia hais nyob rau hauv phau ntawv pom tias "kev siv cannabis yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob schizophrenia, lwm yam kev puas siab puas ntsws, thiab kev ntxhov siab hauv zej zog, thiab kev nyuaj siab tsawg dua."
Ziva Cooper, tus tswvcuab ntawm pawg kws sau tsab ntawv ceeb toom, tau hais hauv a series ntawm tweets tias pawg neeg "tsis tau txiav txim siab tias cannabis ua rau tus mob schizophrenia." Hloov chaw, pawg neeg tsuas pom "kev koom tes ntawm kev siv cannabis thiab tus mob schizophrenia."
'Borderline Psychotic'
Lena Stojiljkovic, 21-xyoo-laus UW-Madison cov tub ntxhais kawm kev kawm suab paj nruag, paub ua ntej txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev haus cannabis. Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 2016, nws tau mus pw hauv tsev kho mob rau kev puas siab puas ntsws thiab kuaj pom tias muaj kev puas siab puas ntsws bipolar. Nws hais tias nws cov kws kho mob tau taw qhia txog nws kev siv cannabis.
Nws pib haus luam yeeb cannabis ib txwm nyob hauv nws lub xyoo kawm ntawv qib siab. Ib lub lim tiam nws siv tshuaj maj peb zaug thiab dhau los ua neeg vwm.
Stojiljkovic tau hais tias "Kuv xav tias kuv tus phooj ywg tau sib txuas lus rau kuv hauv ntau txoj kev uas tsis zoo li qub thiab kuv yuav sim ua kom kuv niam nws tsis tsaug zog, nws tsaug zog," Stojiljkovic tau hais. “Kuv tsis xav tias nws tawm ntawm tus qauv, txawm li cas los xij. Kuv xav tias nws tsuas yog cuam tshuam ntawm cov nroj tsuag thaum lub sijhawm. "
Txawm li cas los xij, nws pib haus luam yeeb ntau zaus thaum nws tuaj kawm ntawv qib siab thiab pom tau tias muaj qee yam mob hnyav dua.
Stojiljkovic tau hais tias "Kuv tau haus luam yeeb peb, plaub zaug hauv ib hnub, txhua hnub, yog li thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis los txog, kuv xav tsis thoob," Stojiljkovic tau hais. "Kuv yog tus ciam teb puas hlwb, raws li txhua tus kws kho mob tau hais rau kuv."
Stojiljkovic txhawb nqa kev cai lij choj vim nws ntseeg tias kev cai yuav ua rau kev siv cannabis muaj kev nyab xeeb dua. Tab sis nws ceeb toom tawm tsam tsis quav ntsej txog qhov txaus ntshai.
"Kuv xav tias lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog tias tib neeg yuav tsum nkag siab tias nws muaj txiaj ntsig, tab sis tseem muaj tag nrho cov kev puas siab puas ntsws uas nws txuas nrog kev puas siab puas ntsws. Kuv paub tias tus kheej vim nws tau tshwm sim rau kuv ntau zaus, thiab qhov loj tshaj plaws yog tias tib neeg yuav tsum nkag siab tias muaj, thiab nws yog qhov teeb meem loj dua qhov peb paub, "nws hais. "Tib neeg tau ua zoo li tsis nco qab vim lawv xav kom muaj kev khiav tawm."
Janis tau lees paub tias muaj kev koom tes zoo rau kev puas siab puas ntsws, tab sis "lub koom haum tseeb uas peb tsis paub." Kev siv cannabis thaum ntxov, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm 14- rau 16-xyoo-laus, yuav ua rau ob lossis peb npaug ntawm txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas siab puas ntsws, Janis tau hais. Nws tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ceeb toom cov tub ntxhais hluas cov neeg siv hnyav uas muaj cov txheeb ze uas muaj teeb meem kev puas hlwb.
"Tsev neeg keeb kwm," nws hais tias, "tseem yog tus naj npawb ib qho kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus mob schizophrenia thiab kev puas siab puas ntsws."
Vaping, tshuaj lom hu spike
Cooper, tus thawj coj tshawb fawb ntawm University of California-Los Angeles Cannabis Research Initiative, tau lees paub tias muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev haus cannabis los ntawm e-luam yeeb, hu ua vaping.
Raws li lub Kaum Ib Hlis 13, muaj 2,172 tshaj tawm txog kev puas tsuaj rau lub ntsws loj heev, suav nrog 42 tus neeg tuag, raws li US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hauv kev hu xov tooj nrog cov neeg sau xov xwm thaum Lub Kaum Hli, Cooper tau hais tias lub ntsws puas tsuaj ntawm cov neeg uas tau vaped cannabis lossis luam yeeb zoo li cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj ntxiv hauv vaping cartridges, uas CDC hais tias feem ntau tau tawm ntawm txoj kev, lossis los ntawm lwm qhov chaw tsis raug. Nyuam qhuav pib lub hlis no, lub koom haum tau hais tias nws tau pom cov tshuaj ntxiv, vitamin E acetate, hauv cov kua hauv lub ntsws los ntawm cov neeg raug tsim txom.
Tab sis muaj qee qhov pov thawj tsis zoo ntawm kev siv tshuaj maj. Raws li ib tug 2018 daim ntawv qhia los ntawm Colorado Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ncaj Ncees Kev Ncaj Ncees, muaj 575 cov tshuaj maj-txog tsev kho mob rau 100,000 lub tsev kho mob hauv xyoo 2000 ua ntej lub xeev tau tso cai kho mob tshuaj maj. Tus nqi dhia mus rau 2,696 tshuaj maj-txog tsev kho mob ib 100,000 hauv 2014-15 tom qab Colorado tau tso cai ua si yeeb tshuaj xas.
cov CDC sau tseg qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev siv ntau dhau ntawm cannabis, uas tuaj yeem suav nrog kev ntxhov siab, paranoia, hnov lus thiab ntuav.
Colorado thiab New York kuj tau pom muaj qhov tshwm sim tshiab tshwm sim ntawm kev siv cannabis. Cov neeg mob feem ntau yuav tuaj txog ntawm chav xwm txheej ceev nrog mob plab hnyav, ntuav ntuav thiab lub cev qhuav dej - cov tsos mob ntawm cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS).
Colorado ERs pom muaj ze li ob npaug ntxiv hauv CHS cov teeb meem tom qab kev cai lij choj tshuaj maj raug muab tshem tawm hauv 2009.
Cov kws kho mob tau pib pom cov neeg mob uas tsis tshua muaj tus mob yuav luag txhua hnub, raws li Dr. Kennon Heard, tus xibfwb ntawm kev kho mob xwm txheej ceev ntawm University of Colorado School of Medicine.
Heard tau hais tias "Nws yog ib qho mob uas tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim, tab sis peb tsis paub tiag tiag txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm nws," Heard hais. "Qhov ntau zaus uas peb tau pom hauv peb lub chaw kho mob xwm txheej ceev, kuv tuaj yeem qhia koj tias peb yeej tsis tau pom nws hauv peb lub chaw kho mob xwm txheej ceev kom txog thaum peb muaj tshuaj maj raug cai."
CHS feem ntau yuav nthuav tawm nws tus kheej hauv cov neeg uas tau siv cannabis txhua hnub rau lub hlis lossis xyoo. Cov tsos mob tuaj yeem mob siab rau ob peb hnub, ploj mus, thiab rov qab hnub tom qab.
"Feem ntau tsis muaj ntau yam uas yuav ua rau nws tsuas yog ua kom cov neeg mob rov qab los thiab sim muab lawv cov tshuaj los pab nrog lawv xeev siab thiab ntuav," Heard hais. "Kev kho mob rau nws yog tiag tiag kom tsis txhob siv nws (cannabis) yog tias nws tau txais qhov phem. Qhov teeb meem yog thaum tib neeg nres, nws feem ntau siv sijhawm ob peb hnub rau lawv cov tsos mob kom rov zoo. "
Qee cov neeg mob tau pom tias muaj kev pab los da dej kub. Ib txoj kev xav, Heard piav qhia, yog tias cov hlab ntsha uas ua kom sov lub cev muaj feem xyuam nrog lub cev cannabinoids. Cov dej kub nkoos tib lub paj hlwb uas cannabis cuam tshuam.
Ntawm ob peb txoj kev tshawb fawb, ib tug saib mus rau tus naj npawb ntawm CHS mob hauv tsev kho mob pej xeem hauv New York thiab pom yuav luag 33 feem pua ntawm cov neeg mob cannabis nquag hauv ER muaj CHS cov tsos mob yav dhau los. Cov kws tshaj lij tseem tab tom sim kawm yuav ua li cas saib xyuas cov neeg mob CHS zoo tshaj.
Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cannabis-txog tsev kho mob mus ntsib kuj yog vim tshuaj maj "edibles." Ib tug tshiab txoj kev tshawb no Kev tshuaj xyuas ERs hauv Denver pom tias ze li ntawm 10 feem pua ntawm cov kev mus ntsib cannabis suav nrog cov cannabis noj tau.
Lub rooj vag lossis lwm yam tshuaj?
Ib qho ntawm cov teeb meem hauv kev sib cav txog kev cai lij choj nyob ib puag ncig seb puas siv cannabis yuav ua rau kev siv tshuaj "nyuaj" dua. Dr. David Nathan, tus tsim ntawm pro-cannabis Cov Kws Kho Mob rau Kev Cai Lij Choj Cannabis, tsis ntseeg tias muaj "xws li cov tshuaj yeeb yaj kiab."
Thiab kev sib cav txog seb cov yeeb tshuaj xas yog ib lub rooj vag tshuaj tsis dhau.
National Institute on Drug Abuse's kev tshawb fawb daim ntawv qhia ntawm cannabis qhia tias "kev siv yeeb tshuaj xas yuav ua ntej siv lwm yam khoom siv tsis raug cai thiab tsis raug cai," tab sis feem coob ntawm cov neeg siv cannabis "tsis mus siv lwm yam, 'nyuaj' tshuaj."
Grace taw qhia tias cov neeg siv tuaj yeem dhau los ua cannabis nws tus kheej.
"Marijuana yog ib yam khoom muaj yees uas tuaj yeem tsim kev tshem tawm thiab kev vam khom, thiab cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias yog raws li THC cov tshuaj maj uas tsis muaj zog uas tsis yog tus sawv cev ntawm cov khoom muaj zog dua uas koj pom hauv khw niaj hnub no," Grace hais. "Yog li peb tsis paub tiag tiag li cas, yog tias muaj, muaj kev mob tshwm sim uas cov tshuaj maj muag muag hauv khw niaj hnub no tuaj yeem muaj rau tib neeg."
cov CDC hais tias cov neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj yog peb zaug ntau dua los ua neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, lwm yam tshuaj muaj kev pheej hmoo siab dua, nrog rau cov neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj 15 npaug ntau dua thiab cov tshuaj yeeb tshuaj opioid 40 npaug ntau dua yuav ua rau cov neeg quav yeeb quav tshuaj.
Ib txhia kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias cannabis tuaj yeem yog lwm yam tshuaj rau qhov mob uas tuaj yeem txo qhov teebmeem ntawm opioid thiab txo kev siv tshuaj kho mob. Ib qho txiaj ntsig ntawm tshuaj maj yog nws tsis suppress ua pa system ces yog nws tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev tuag ntau dhau.
Qee cov kev tshawb fawb qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev kho mob cannabis raug cai thiab txo cov tshuaj noj tshuaj. A 2014 txoj kev tshawb no luam tawm nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Xov Xwm ntawm American Medical Association tau pom tias muaj cov cai lij choj kho mob tshuaj maj yog "koom nrog txo qis hauv xeev-theem opioid overdose mortality."
JAMA tseem tau tshaj tawm cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tias cov xeev nrog cov cai lij choj kho mob cannabis muaj tsawg dua daim ntawv tshuaj Medicare Part D rau tshuaj kho mob thiab tsawg dua opioids sau tag nrho.
lwm yam kev tshawb fawb taw tes rau qhov opposite direction. "Kev siv Cannabis zoo li nce ntau dua li txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tsis siv tshuaj opioid thiab kev siv tshuaj opioid," raws li 2017 txoj kev tshawb fawb luam tawm hauv American Journal of Psychiatry.
Thiab ib txoj kev tshawb fawb luam tawm nyob rau lub Rau Hli hauv Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm National Academy of Sciences ntawm Tebchaws Meskas pom tsis muaj txuas nruab nrab ntawm kev raug cai ntawm tshuaj maj thiab opioid overdose tuag.
Rau cov neeg nyob hauv Pewaukee Cari, uas raug mob rheumatoid mob caj dab, fibromyalgia thiab mob qog noj ntshav, noj cov cannabis tau tso cai rau nws kom tsis txhob siv gabapentin, tshuaj kho mob nrov uas tau pom ntau zaus. nyob rau hauv tshuaj overdose.
Txawm hais tias cov tshuaj tsis yog tshuaj opiate lossis suav tias yog hom tshuaj, gabapentin tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm lwm yam tshuaj. Noj nrog opiates xws li fentanyl lossis heroin tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau dua.
Cari tau noj 600 milligrams ntawm cov tshuaj txhua hnub rau qhov mob ua ntej nws hloov mus rau cannabis. Nws thov kom tsis txhob siv nws lub xeem vim tias kev siv cannabis tsis raug cai hauv Wisconsin.
“Nws tsuas yog ua rau kuv lub neej zoo dua. Tam sim no kuv muaj mob tsawg, ”Cari hais. “Kuv tsuas yog ua haujlwm ntau dua. Muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau yam thiab tsis tas yuav nyob hauv qhov mob tas li, uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev nyuaj siab. "
Nathan ntseeg tias tsis muaj kev tshawb fawb txog tam sim no los txiav txim siab seb cannabis puas yog qhov hloov pauv rau opioids - lossis seb nws puas muaj teeb meem rau cov neeg mob.
"Peb yuav tsis paub meej txog cov ntaub ntawv lees paub hais tias nws siv, tab sis peb muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov muaj feem cuam tshuam ntawm cannabis, uas tsis zoo li yuav txwv tsis pub peb los ntawm, tsawg kawg, muab nws ua kev xaiv rau cov neeg mob ua lwm txoj hauv kev rau cov tshuaj uas muaj peev xwm txaus ntshai, "Nathan tau hais.
Tsav tsheb thaum siv tshuaj
Kev tsav tsheb tsis zoo yog ib qho kev txhawj xeeb tseem ceeb ntawm pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv ntawm kev cai lij choj cannabis, tseem yog ib qho nyuaj tshaj plaws los ntsuas. Kev siv Cannabis ua rau muaj feem thib ob ntawm kev sib tsoo, tab sis, Janis tau hais tias, nws tsis cuam tshuam rau tus neeg lub peev xwm tsav tsheb ze li cawv.
Nathan tau hais tias "Tsis muaj qhov kev sim zoo los ntsuas lub hom phiaj seb puas muaj qee tus neeg uas nyuam qhuav tau haus cannabis tsis zoo vim qhov ntawd," Nathan tau hais. "Tsis muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov ntsuas thiab qib ntawm kev puas tsuaj."
Qee tus neeg tsav tsheb xav tias tau haus cannabis tuaj yeem kuaj ntshav txhawm rau kuaj seb nws puas nyob hauv lawv lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, cannabis tau noj txog 28 hnub ua ntej tseem yuav raug kuaj pom - txawm tias ntev npaum li cas tom qab cov teebmeem intoxicating tau ploj mus.
Qee tus neeg ntseeg yuam kev cannabis ua rau tsis muaj kev tsav tsheb tsis zoo. Hauv xyoo 2017 daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas, ib feem peb ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm ntawv tshawb fawb ntseeg tias nws yog kev cai lij choj tsav tsheb nyob rau hauv cov yeeb tshuaj xas. Txawm tias 27 feem pua ntawm cov niam txiv ntseeg tias nws raug cai. Kev tshawb fawb tau ua los ntawm Liberty Mutual Insurance thiab Cov Tub Ntxhais Kawm Tawm Tsam Kev Txiav Txim Siab, uas nrhiav kev pab cov tub ntxhais hluas "txiav txim siab zoo uas ua rau lawv noj qab haus huv thiab nyab xeeb."
Cov neeg tuag coob nyob hauv Colorado thiab Washington xeev ua ntej thiab tom qab kev cai lij choj tsis tau txheeb cais los ntawm cov xeev sib piv, raws li kev tshawb fawb 2017 luam tawm hauv American Journal of Public Health.
Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub tsheb sib tsoo hauv Colorado tom qab kev cai lij choj pom tias muaj pes tsawg tus neeg tuag sib tsoo nrog cov neeg uas muaj cannabinoids hauv lawv cov hlab ntsha tau nce. Tab sis cov kws sau ntawv ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb 2018 tau ceeb toom tawm tsam ib qho kev sib piv keeb kwm ntawm kev sib tsoo vim tias lub xeev tau nce qib tshuaj ntsuam xyuas txij li kev raug cai.
Janis tau hais tias "Peb tsis paub qhov ntawd (nce) txhais li cas," Janis hais. "Puas txhais tau hais tias ntau tus neeg hauv Colorado tau siv thiab lawv tshwm sim muaj nyob rau hauv lawv lub cev, lossis ntau tus neeg uas muaj zog, qaug cawv THC tau koom nrog qhov xwm txheej?"
Tus kws tshaj xov xwm Francisco Velazquez thiab Tus Thawj Tswj Tus Thawj Coj Dee J. Hall tau pab txhawb rau zaj dab neeg no, uas tau tsim los ua ib feem ntawm kev tshawb fawb qhia cov chav kawm ntawm University of Wisconsin-Madison Lub Tsev Kawm Ntawv ntawm Kev Sau Xov Xwm thiab Kev Sib Txuas Lus Sib Tham hauv Hall. Wisconsin Watch txoj kev koom tes nrog cov tub ntxhais kawm sau xov xwm yog nyiaj txiag los ntawm Ira thiab Ineva Reilly Baldwin Wisconsin Idea Endowment ntawm UW-Madison. Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Wisconsin (www.WisconsinWatch.org) koom tes nrog Wisconsin Public Radio, PBS Wisconsin, lwm yam xov xwm tshaj tawm thiab UW-Madison School of Journalism thiab Mass Communication. Txhua yam haujlwm tsim, luam tawm, tshaj tawm lossis tshaj tawm los ntawm Wisconsin Watch tsis tas yuav cuam tshuam txog kev xav lossis kev xav ntawm UW-Madison lossis ib qho ntawm nws cov koom tes.
Rov luam tawm peb cov ntawv dawb, hauv online lossis luam tawm, raws li daim ntawv tso cai Creative Commons.
