Coj hauv Wisconsin cov dej haus: Hnub 2
Cov kav dej txhuas, txoj cai qub ua phem rau Wisconsin cov dej haus tsis zoo
sidebar
Txo txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob lead lom los ntawm cov dej haus
mloog
Kev tshawb nrhiav qhia lwm tus Bridgit Bowden qhia txog kev kis kab mob txhuas hauv Wisconsin cov dej haus rau Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism thiab Wisconsin Public Radio.
Watch
Madison tus thawj coj saib xyuas dej zoo Joe Grande tham txog lub nroog txoj kev hloov pauv ntawm tag nrho nws cov kev pabcuam ua haujlwm ntawm Wisconsin Public TV's Ntawm no thiab tam sim no.
Qhov no Series
Yog Poob Ntawm Cov Kais Dej yog ib txoj kev tshawb nrhiav kev pheej hmoo rau cov dej haus thoob plaws Wisconsin. Nyeem ntxiv.
Puas muaj teeb meem nrog koj cov dej zoo? Xa email rau peb ntawm tswv yim@wisconsinwatch.org.
Cov hmoov txhuas hauv cov dej haus, uas tau ua rau muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem hauv Flint, Michigan, feem ntau tsis quav ntsej vim tias muaj peev xwm pab txhawb cov ntshav lead hauv ntau txhiab tus menyuam hauv Wisconsin, cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev xam phaj qhia.
Ze li ntawm 4,000 tus menyuam yaus hauv Wisconsin tau kuaj pom tias muaj cov hlau lead hauv lawv cov ntshav hauv xyoo 2014, txawm hais tias tus lej tau poob ntau xyoo ua tsaug rau ib feem ntawm kev txwv tsis pub siv lead ua xim thiab roj av. Tsis zoo li hauv Flint, txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis paub txog qhov twg cov hmoov txhuas hauv cov dej haus ua rau cov ntshav lead hauv Wisconsin nce siab.
Qhov feem pua ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj tshuaj lom nyob hauv Wisconsin - 4.5 feem pua - zoo ib yam li 4.9 feem pua ntawm cov menyuam tau kuaj pom hauv 2015 hauv cheeb tsam Flint, nyob qhov twg lub xeev thiab tseem fwv cov nom tswv tau tshaj tawm lub xeev xwm txheej kub ntxhov ntawm cov hlau lead hauv cov dej haus thiab cov menyuam yaus cov ntshav.
Hauv Milwaukee, qhov feem pua yog qhov siab dua: 8.6 feem pua ntawm cov menyuam yaus kuaj hauv 2014 muaj cov tshuaj lead hauv cov ntshav siab tshaj 5 micrograms ib deciliter, qib uas cov menyuam paub tias muaj teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv, raws li cov ntaub ntawv. Wisconsin Lub Chaw Haujlwm Pabcuam Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv.
Txawm tias feem pua ntawm cov feem pua yuav ua rau muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm qhov teeb meem, hais tias Marc Edwards, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm Virginia Tech thiab MacArthur "tus neeg txais txiaj ntsig zoo" uas nws pab pawg tau pab txheeb xyuas qhov teeb meem ntawm Flint cov dej. Standard xeem rau txhuas nyob rau hauv cov ntshav pib thaum muaj hnub nyoog 1 xyoos, ib lub sij hawm thaum cov me nyuam ua mobile thiab tej zaum yuav raug cov xim txhuas los yog hmoov av - tsis quav ntsej cov me nyuam mos ntawm cov mis nyuj uas yuav noj ntau cov hmoov lead-tainted kais dej.
Edwards tau hais tias "Tsis hais hauv Flint lossis hauv Wisconsin yog pawg neeg muaj kev pheej hmoo loj tshaj plaws raug kuaj," Edwards tau hais.
Lead cov teebmeem yog qhov hnyav thiab ruaj khov. Txo kev txawj ntse, kev tsis taus kawm ntawv thiab kev loj hlob qeeb tau tag nrho ntaus nqi ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov menyuam yaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov uas muaj hnub nyoog qis dua 6 xyoo uas lawv lub hlwb loj hlob yog qhov muaj kev phom sij tshaj plaws.
Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau txuas rau menyuam yaus ua rau lom lom rau cuam tshuam kev coj cwj pwm ntawm tsev kawm ntawv thiab muaj feem ntau dua kev ua phem ua phem rau neeg laus. Lead exposure nyob rau hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub tau txuam nrog muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm fetal tuag.
Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv Ib puag ncig Asmeskas tau lees paub qhov kev pab cuam ntawm dej rau lub teb chaws tus thawj coj hauv xyoo 1991 thaum nws kwv yees hais tias cov dej haus muaj txog li 20 feem pua ntawm qhov nruab nrab raug txhuas, tab sis ntau npaum li 85 feem pua ntawm cov me nyuam mos haus cov mis ua nrog cov kais dej.
Vim muaj kev phom sij ntawm cov hlau lead, Tebchaws Meskas tau pib phasing tawm roj av lead nyob rau xyoo 1973 txog thaum nws tau raug tshem tawm zoo li xyoo 1988. Kev siv cov xim hlau lead. tsis tu ncua txo tom qab xyoo 1950 kom txog rau thaum cov khoom ntxiv raug txwv los ntawm kev ua lag luam hauv xyoo 1978. Kev siv cov hmoov txhuas rau cov kav dej tau raug cai nyob rau xyoo 1986, txawm hais tias txog thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2014, cov khoom siv hauv cov kav dej hauv tsev "tsis muaj txhuas" tuaj yeem raug cai muaj txog li 8 feem pua.
Cov thawj coj ntawm lub teb chaws Lub Chaw Tiv Thaiv Kab Mob thiab Tiv Thaiv thiab Wisconsin Qhov Kev Pabcuam Tiv Thaiv Kabmob Lead Poisoning Childhood Tus cwj pwm ntawm cov menyuam yaus ua rau muaj feem cuam tshuam tsuas yog ua rau cov xim txhuas tsis zoo thiab cov hmoov lead hauv cov tsev laus.
Tab sis cov xim txhuas tsis yog tsuas yog kev phom sij ntawm cov khoom qub qub. Tau ntau xyoo pib thaum xyoo 1800s, txhuas yog cov khoom siv feem ntau hauv cov kav dej uas nqa cov dej haus los ntawm cov dej loj mus rau ib tus neeg lub tsev, tseem hu ua cov kab kev pabcuam. Muaj kwv yees li ntawm 176,000 cov kav dej txhuas zoo li no hauv Wisconsin, uas tau nce qib ntawm cov hlau lead ntawm tsawg kawg yog 100 feem ntawm ib lab - lossis ntau dua rau lub sijhawm ntawm tsoomfwv qib kev nyab xeeb - tau kuaj pom hauv cov dej hauv pej xeem hauv 24 ntawm 72 lub nroog.
Paub txog qhov xwm txheej tshwm sim los ntawm cov hmoov txhuas hauv dej, qee cov kws tshawb fawb tau sib cav ntau xyoo tias kev tsom mus rau cov neeg saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov xim muaj hlau lead thiab plua plav vim yog qhov ua rau menyuam yaus lom lom zem heev thiab cov dej yuav tsum tau tshawb xyuas raws li lwm qhov tseem ceeb.
Yanna Lambrinidou, tus kws tshawb fawb thiab tus kws qhia ntawm Virginia Tech, tau hais tias CDC thiab pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv zej zog tau "ua kev puas tsuaj loj" los ntawm kev ua tsis tiav rau kev sim tshuaj txhuas hauv dej haus thaum menyuam yaus raug tshuaj lom.
Nws tau hais tias "Nws ua rau ntau tiam neeg ntawm cov menyuam raug mob rau qhov tsis muaj laj thawj zoo," nws hais.
A txoj kev tshawb no coj los ntawm Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha, Flint tus kws kho mob menyuam yaus uas tau suab lub suab ceeb toom txog kev nce qib ntawm cov ntshav coj mus rau cov menyuam yaus hauv nws lub zej zog, tau piav qhia txog qhov teebmeem no yog ceeb toom rau lwm cov zej zog nrog cov dej laus laus thiab cov peev nyiaj tsawg.
"Qhov xwm txheej hauv Flint, Michigan," Hanna-Attisha thiab nws cov npoj yaig tshawb fawb tau xaus lus tias, "tej zaum yuav yog ib qho kev sib tw rau kev sib tw haus dej nyab xeeb yav tom ntej."
Ntau txhiab tus menyuam raug cuam tshuam hauv Wisconsin
Nyob rau hauv 2014, 3,922 Wisconsin cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 6 xyoos muaj cov hmoov lead hauv cov ntshav ntawm 5 micrograms ib deciliter lossis siab dua. Kwv yees li 20 feem pua ntawm Wisconsin cov menyuam raug kuaj hauv ib xyoos.
Wisconsin Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program muab kev pab cuam, nyiaj txiag thiab kev sab laj rau cov kws kho mob los tiv thaiv, kuaj xyuas thiab kho cov kab mob lead ua rau menyuam yaus. Nws ua haujlwm rau cov menyuam yaus uas muaj tshuaj lom "yuav yuav raug nqi Wisconsin ntau lab daus las hauv kev txo qis kev txawj ntse (IQ), kev poob nyiaj hauv lub neej thiab cov nqi koom nrog rau kev saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv, kev kawm thiab kev kho mob."
Yuav luag 60 feem pua, lossis 2,244, ntawm lub xeev cov menyuam yaus raug tshuaj lom nyob rau xyoo 2014 yog los ntawm lub nroog Milwaukee.
Ramona Jensen, tus thawj coj sib tham rau Milwaukee's Social Development Commission, xav tsis thoob thaum kawg cov tub ceev xwm yuav pib tshawb xyuas cov dej kais dej raws li qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj tshuaj lom hauv Wisconsin cov menyuam yaus.
Jensen lub koom haum, uas npaj, tswj hwm thiab muab kev pabcuam tib neeg rau cov neeg pluag hauv Milwaukee County, tab tom npaj ua haujlwm rau ntau xyoo, $ 3 lab US Department of Housing and Urban Development-funded project los txheeb xyuas thiab tshem tawm cov phom sij ntawm 231 qis. - nyiaj tau los tsev nyob. Txawm li cas los xij, dej haus tsis yog ib feem ntawm txoj haujlwm, nws hais.
"Peb tsuas yog ua ncaj ncees tsis xav txog dej," nws hais. "Peb tsuas yog pleev xim thiab hloov qhov chaw thiab tej yam zoo li ntawd - txhua yam tshwj tsis yog dej, ncaj ncees. Yog tias koj tsis kuaj cov dej thaum koj tab tom ua ib qho kev tshawb nrhiav (cov hmoov txhuas), peb yuav ua li cas thiaj paub tias nws yog lossis tsis yog txoj kev raug?
Lead hauv dej haus "tsis tau txais kev saib xyuas thiab nws tsis tau txais xov xwm (kev pabcuam) nws yuav tsum," Jensen ntxiv. "Kuv paub qee tus kws tshaj lij ... xav tias zoo li peb tsis quav ntsej txog qhov teeb meem dej kiag li, thiab qee qhov, kuv xav tias qhov tseeb."
Ntshav lead theem qis dua, cov qauv dej tib yam
Nyob rau hauv kev lees paub ntawm txhuas lub siab toxicity, nyob rau hauv 2012 lub CDC txiav hauv ib nrab tus nqi ntawm tus me nyuam cov ntshav lead theem yuav tsum tau qhia thiab muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam los ntawm 10 micrograms ib deciliter mus rau 5.
Tab sis lub teb chaws tus qauv rau cov hmoov lead hauv cov dej haus pej xeem tsis tau hloov kho txij li xyoo 1991 thaum EPA's Lead thiab Copper Rule coj los siv. Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws txoj cai lij choj tsom kom ua kom cov hmoov lead hauv dej qis dua 15 ppb, thaum cov qauv kev coj noj coj ua hauv Canada thiab European Union ua raws li World Health Organization cov lus qhia ntawm 10 pwb.
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources muaj kev saib xyuas cov dej siv rau pej xeem, uas yuav tsum muab cov dej haus uas ua tau raws li lub xeev thiab tsoom fwv cov qauv kev noj qab haus huv.
Tab sis kev siv dej hauv pej xeem yuav tsum tau ua kev kho mob raws li Txoj Cai Lead thiab Copper Rule tsuas yog tias ntau tshaj 10 feem pua ntawm cov qauv dej hauv tsev ntau tshaj 15 ppb. Tsis muaj kev kho yuav tsum tau ua rau kev nyeem ntawv siab heev yog tias tsis tau raws li 10 feem pua.
Hauv Wisconsin, 725 cov qauv dej kais dej, lossis 3.5 feem pua ntawm yuav luag 21,000 tus qauv hauv tsev uas tau sim thaum lub Ib Hlis 2010 thiab Plaub Hlis 2015, tshaj 15 ppb, raws li DNR cov ntaub ntawv txheeb xyuas los ntawm Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism.
Ua raws li 3.5 feem pua kwv yees rau 176,000 cov kab kev pabcuam ua haujlwm paub zoo hauv lub xeev qhia tias qee 6,200 Wisconsin cov tsev neeg tuaj yeem haus cov dej pej xeem uas tshaj li tsoomfwv tus qauv. Qhov ntawd tsis suav nrog tus lej tsis paub ntawm lub tsev nrog cov khoom siv lead ua.
Tsis tas li ntawd, kwv yees li ntawm 940,000 Wisconsin cov tsev tau txais lawv cov dej los ntawm qhov dej ntiag tug. Cov dej ntiag tug feem ntau tsis muaj kev tswj hwm, txhais tau tias cov tswv cuab muaj lub luag haujlwm rau kev nyab xeeb ntawm lawv tus kheej dej.
Hauv xyoo 2013, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv tau tshuaj xyuas yuav luag 4,000 tus qauv dej ntiag tug thiab pom tias 1.8 feem pua ntawm lawv tau tshaj 15 ppb ntawm txhuas. Kev siv qhov kwv yees no rau txhua lub tsev ntawm qhov dej ntiag tug ntxiv ze li 17,000 tsev neeg rau tag nrho cov kev pheej hmoo.
Thaum cov kev suav pej xeem thiab ntiag tug sib xyaw ua ke, lawv qhia tias cov neeg nyob hauv kwv yees li 23,000 lub tsev hauv Wisconsin tuaj yeem haus cov hmoov lead hauv lawv cov dej tsis zoo.
Qhov feem pua ntawm cov qauv dej pej xeem uas ntsuas siab tshaj 15 ppb yog ntau dua 3.5 feem pua hauv qee lub xeev Wisconsin, xws li Lake Mills (20 feem pua), Columbus (18 feem pua) thiab Mount Horeb (16 feem pua).
Milwaukee, uas kho nws lub pas dej Michigan cov dej uas muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion los txo cov hmoov lead leaching, tsuas muaj ob qhov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj 15 ppb txij li xyoo 2010. Txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm nws 70,000 lub tsev ntawm cov kev pabcuam txhuas yuav tsum tau kuaj tsis tu ncua kom nyob twj ywm. ua raws li Txoj Cai Lead thiab Copper Rule.
Ntawm lub xeev ze li ntawm 21,000 qhov kev xeem tsis ntev los no, 202 tau tshaj 50 ppb, ntau dua peb npaug ntawm tsoomfwv tus qauv. Lub xeev tus nqi siab tshaj plaws tau sau tseg hauv 2012 hauv Mount Horeb: 9,370 ppb.
Lead nyob rau hauv dej, ntshav txuas
Qee qhov pov thawj muaj zog tshaj plaws uas txuas cov dej tsis muaj hmoov lead nrog cov menyuam yaus cov ntshav cov ntshav tau los ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb qhia los ntawm Edwards hauv ob lub nroog: Washington, DC, thaum ntxov 2000s, thiab Flint, Michigan, pib lub caij ntuj sov dhau los.
Edwards thiab cov npoj yaig pom xyoo 2004 uas cov hmoov txhuas nce hauv cov dej ntawm ntau txhiab tsev neeg DC tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov dej siv tshuaj tua kab mob raws tu qauv. Hauv xyoo 2009 txoj kev tshawb no, nws tom qab ntawd qhia qhov kev hloov pauv ua rau muaj ntau tshaj plaub npaug ntawm cov menyuam yaus hnub nyoog qis dua 16 lub hlis nrog cov ntshav txhuas ntau tshaj 10 micrograms ib deciliter.
Edwards thiab ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau txuas ntxiv soj ntsuam, thiab lees paub, kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov hlau lead hauv dej thiab ntshav txij thaum ntawd los.
A 2012 tsoom fwv teb chaws nyiaj txiag txoj kev tshawb no los ntawm Edwards pom tias thaum cov tshuaj lom lead lom ntawm cov menyuam yaus tau txo qis ua tsaug rau txo cov hmoov lead raug los ntawm cov roj av, xim thiab lwm qhov chaw, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov dej tau nce. A 2014 Canadian tsoom fwv-nyiaj pab txoj kev tshawb no uas tshuaj xyuas cov xim, plua plav thiab dej kais dej raws li qhov chaw raug pom tau tias cov dej haus yog "ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov menyuam yaus cov ntshav cov hmoov lead."
Lwm tus neeg Canadian txoj kev tshawb no los ntawm 2015 kwv yees tias qhov nce ntawm 1 ppb ntawm cov hmoov lead hauv dej "yuav ua rau nce ntawm 35 feem pua ntawm cov ntshav txhuas (hauv cov menyuam yaus) tom qab 150 hnub ntawm kev kis," thiab xaus lus tias "dej txhuas cov ntsiab lus zoo hauv cov dej haus tam sim no. cov lus qhia hauv Canada (10 ppb) thiab Tebchaws Meskas (15 ppb) tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov ntshav coj mus rau cov menyuam yaus tom qab kis tau mus ntev. "
Kev tshawb nrhiav qhov chaw tsis quav ntsej dej
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2013, Crystal Wozniak ntawm Green Bay tau kawm tias nws tus menyuam hnub nyoog 9 hli Casheous muaj 18 micrograms ib deciliter ntawm cov hlau lead hauv nws cov ntshav - ntau dua peb npaug ntawm tsoomfwv qib pib. Kev ntsuas ntiv tes uas Casheous tau txais yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov menyuam yaus, feem ntau pib thaum muaj hnub nyoog 1 xyoos, uas tau txais kev pab hauv BadgerCare, Wisconsin txoj kev pab kho mob rau cov tsev neeg tau nyiaj tsawg.
Wozniak hais tias, "Thaum (tus kws saib xyuas neeg mob) tshaj tawm xov xwm rau kuv," Wozniak hais tias, "Kuv raug kev puas tsuaj. Kuv lub siab tawg, kuv quaj. Kuv txhawj xeeb heev rau nws thiab tsis paub yuav ua li cas ntxiv. "
Txij thaum ntawd los, Wozniak tau noj nrog tshem tawm cov hmoov txhuas los ntawm nws tus tub ib puag ncig.
“Nws tsuas yog nyob txhua qhov chaw, nws tau tedious heev. Nws yuav siv sij hawm dhau koj lub neej, "nws hais.
Wozniak xav tias nws tus tub yuav tau zom rau ntawm nws chav pw windowsill thaum nws sawv ua ntej nws tau ua li ob lub lis piam ua ntej qhov kev xeem.
Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav tom qab Casheous 'kev kuaj mob ntawm cov tshuaj lom lead lom, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Brown County tau txheeb xyuas ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov xim hlau lead hauv Wozniak lub tsev, ua rau xyoo 1900. Thaum kawg, lub tsev tau tawg, thiab Wozniak tau tsiv mus rau lwm qhov.
Tab sis nws xav tsis thoob vim li cas tsis muaj leej twg tham txog cov kav dej txhuas lossis hais kom nws mus kuaj nws cov kais dej.
A qhov chaw tshawb nrhiav tshwm sim hauv Wisconsin los ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm menyuam yaus lom tshuaj lom neeg tsis tas yuav kuaj cov kais dej hauv tus menyuam hauv tsev lossis chaw zov menyuam, txawm tias muaj cov ntaub ntawv sib txuas ntawm cov dej lead thiab cov ntshav lead. Cov Cov txheej txheem CDC kuj tsis pom zoo kom kuaj xyuas dej haus.
Tom qab kev sim ntawm Wozniak cov kais dej pom tsis muaj txhuas, tab sis txawm tias EPA cov tub ceev xwm lees paub tias "txoj cai tswjfwm kev coj ua uas twb muaj lawm ... tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev thiab muaj peev xwm raug rau tib neeg." Lub nroog Green Bay, qhov chaw uas Wozniak nyob, muaj qib siab tshaj plaws ntawm 490 ppb hauv ib qho ntawm nws cov tsev neeg uas tau sim xyoo 2012.
Lambrinidou, tus kws tshawb fawb hauv Virginia Tech, tau hais tias cov koom haum tswj hwm tsis tuaj yeem tshuaj xyuas cov hmoov txhuas hauv dej lossis ceeb toom cov tswv tsev ntawm txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej, suav nrog kev txhim kho cov ntxaij lim dej uas raug nqi tsawg li $ 40.
Nws tau hais tias "Cov txhuas hauv cov dej haus tau raug thawb hauv qab ntaub pua plag los ntawm yuav luag txhua lub koom haum," nws hais. "Cov hmoov txhuas (hauv dej) tuaj yeem muaj cov hmoov txhuas ntau dua li cov hmoov lead pleev xim thiab tuaj yeem ua rau tus menyuam cov ntshav cov hmoov lead nyob rau ib hmos, thiab ua rau lub hlwb tsis zoo los ntawm ib khob dej los yog ib lub tais ntawm pasta.
"Qhov kev npau taws," Lambrinidou hais ntxiv, "yog tias rau ntau tsev neeg, kev tiv thaiv kev nchuav menyuam thiab kev puas hlwb rov qab tsis tau yog $ 40 tam sim ntawd."
Casheous, tam sim no muaj hnub nyoog 3 xyoos, tau poob qis hauv nws cov ntshav txhuas txij li nws qhov kev sim thawj zaug. Wozniak qhov kev paub nrog tus menyuam yaus uas muaj cov hmoov txhuas tau ua rau nws mus cuag lwm tsev neeg uas lawv lub tsev tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob. Hauv kev koom tes nrog cov Lead Safe America Foundation, nws tau faib cov khoom siv kuaj dawb rau cov xim txhuas ntawm Green Bay cov xwm txheej.
Rau nws, Jensen, ntawm Milwaukee Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Kev Loj Hlob, muab cov lus tshaj tawm rau pej xeem tsis tu ncua txog kev phom sij ntawm cov hmoov txhuas thiab cob qhia cov tswv tsev txog kev txo qis cov hlau lead. Nws hais tias muaj "kev paub tsis meej" thaum nws los txog rau hauv dej, vim muaj coob tus neeg tsis paub tias lawv muaj cov kav dej lossis cov kav dej thiab tseem tsis paub txog qhov txaus ntshai uas lawv tsim.
Jensen tau hais tias "Koj yeej tsis pom (kev tshaj tawm kev pabcuam pej xeem) txog kev coj noj coj ua," Jensen tau hais. "Qhov ntawd yuav tsum yog qhov tsis tu ncua, hauv kuv lub siab. Nws ntxhov siab heev. Koj zoo li lub suab hauv roob moj sab qhua."
Nyob rau hauv Michigan, Gov. Rick Snyder thov txim rau Flint coj teeb meem thaum nws lub Xeev Lub Xeev qhov chaw nyob Lub Ib Hlis Ntuj Tim 19 thiab thov rau Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas $ 28 lab los hloov faucets thiab fixtures ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab lwm lub tsev rau pej xeem, muab cov ntxaij lim dej hauv tsev, kuaj ntshav cov hmoov txhuas ntxiv thiab txuas ntxiv kom muaj National Guard cov tub rog faib cov dej ntim rau cov neeg nyob hauv Flint.
Tab sis cov niam txiv zoo li Wozniak, cov kws tshaj lij zoo li Jensen thiab cov kws tshawb fawb zoo li Lambrinidou thiab Edwards xav tau ntau dua li kev thov txim. Lawv ntseeg tias cov dej haus yuav tsum tau muab ntxiv rau hauv cov npe ntawm qhov chaw kis tau tus kab mob uas cov neeg saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv niaj hnub tshawb xyuas rau txhua tus menyuam yaus uas muaj tshuaj lom.
Wozniak tau hais tias "Kuv tsis nkag siab tias vim li cas lawv tsis hais txog dej," Wozniak hais. "Yog tias cov kav dej muaj cov hmoov txhuas tsis huv, lawv yuav tsum siv cov txheej txheem tib yam li lawv ua los hloov tag nrho cov trims, qhov rais, qhov rooj thiab chav ua noj hauv koj lub tsev."
Wozniak ntxiv, “Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub neej kom muaj dej. Nws yuav tsum poob rau hauv tib qeb thiab raug sim nrog rau txhua yam. "
Cov nonprofit Wisconsin Center rau Kev Tshawb Xyuas Xov Xwm (www.WisconsinWatch.org) koom tes nrog Wisconsin Cov Xov Xwm Zej Tsoom, Wisconsin Cov Xov Xwm Rau Pej Xeem, lwm cov xov xwm tshaj tawm thiab UW-Madison Tsev Kawm Ntawv Xov Xwm thiab Kev Sib Txuas Lus. Txhua yam haujlwm tsim, tshaj tawm, tshaj tawm lossis tshaj tawm los ntawm Lub Chaw tsis tas yuav cuam tshuam cov kev xav lossis kev xav ntawm UW-Madison lossis ib qho ntawm cov koom tes.
Rov luam tawm peb cov ntawv dawb, hauv online lossis luam tawm, raws li daim ntawv tso cai Creative Commons.
Cov dej tsis huv. LAWSUITS, HAUV PAUB, tawm tsam GOVS thiab AL
Cov dej tsis huv nrog arsenic, Uranium, thiab ntau lwm yam tshuaj lom neeg. Cov Dej Cuam Tshuam Hauv av Hauv Txhua Qhov Dej Aquifers Hauv qab Hinkley, CA 92347
link: https://www.prlog.org/12530598-contaminated-water-with-arsenic-uranium-and-many-other-highly-toxic-chemicals.html
Xa los ntawm: Cov Neeg raug tsim txom, lub nroog Hinkley, California 92347
Lub Vev Xaib; http://www.victimstownofhinkley.org
/ / Ua
Puas tsis muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb txij li koj tus tswv tiag tiag tsim nws?
Hnub tim: 2015
Title: CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT) LEAD GLASS: LEAD LEACHING STUDY Tom Qab A CHELATING Agent TREATMENT
Sau: Bursi, Elena; Ponzoni, Chiara; Lancelotti, Isabella; Vassura, Ivano; Ferroni, Laura; Barbieri, Luisa
Cov kws sau ntawv sab hauv: BURSI, ELENA
PONZONI, Chiara
LANCELLOTTI, Isabella
BARBIERI, Luisa
Phau ntawv Journal: ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING THIAB MANAGEMENT JOURNAL
Ntim: 14(7)
Ib nplooj ntawv: 1503
Tom ntej: 1509
Paub meej: Txoj kev tshawb no yog tsom rau kev tshem tawm cov hlau lead uas muaj nyob hauv CRT (cathode ray tube) iav siv cov tshuaj chelating sib txawv, NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid) thiab ATMP (amino trimetilen phosphonic acid), thiab tom qab ntawd ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lawv cov peev txheej extractive. Cov kev ua haujlwm yog cov hauv qab no: T = 80 ° C, t = 1h, pH = 10, solid/liquid weight ratio = 1/10, reagent concentration = 0.1 M. Tom qab ntawd ntau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas leaching ntawm tswj pH tau ua nyob rau hauv lub 5-9 ntau yam rau 48h ntawm chav tsev kub los txhais cov hlau lead leaching nkhaus rau CRT iav matrix thiab ntsuas cov txheej txheem chelating efficiency. Kev sim leaching curves pom ib tug semi-U-zoo li tus qauv, nrog siab tshaj plaws txhuas tso tawm ntawm acid pH. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias NTA tuaj yeem tshem tawm 66-80% ntawm cov hmoov lead leachable ntawm pH 5.
Scopus tus lej: 2-s2.0-84939211405
Lus: Lus Askiv
Classificazione ausiliaria: analytical chemistry, tshuaj txoj kev xav, lub cev chemistry / tshuaj physics
Keywords: chelating agents, leaching tests, lead extractive method, WEEE lead-iav
Koj paub txog nws nyob rau hauv xws li nthuav dav yog vim koj engineered nws.
Hnub tim: 2015
Title: CATHODE RAY TUBE (CRT) LEAD GLASS: LEAD LEACHING STUDY Tom Qab A CHELATING Agent TREATMENT
Sau: Bursi, Elena; Ponzoni, Chiara; Lancelotti, Isabella; Vassura, Ivano; Ferroni, Laura; Barbieri, Luisa
Cov kws sau ntawv sab hauv: BURSI, ELENA
PONZONI, Chiara
LANCELLOTTI, Isabella
BARBIERI, Luisa
Phau ntawv Journal: ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING THIAB MANAGEMENT JOURNAL
Ntim: 14(7)
Ib nplooj ntawv: 1503
Tom ntej: 1509
Paub meej: Txoj kev tshawb no yog tsom rau kev tshem tawm cov hlau lead uas muaj nyob hauv CRT (cathode ray tube) iav siv cov tshuaj chelating sib txawv, NTA (nitrilotriacetic acid) thiab ATMP (amino trimetilen phosphonic acid), thiab tom qab ntawd ntawm kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lawv cov peev txheej extractive. Cov kev ua haujlwm yog cov hauv qab no: T = 80 ° C, t = 1h, pH = 10, solid/liquid weight ratio = 1/10, reagent concentration = 0.1 M. Tom qab ntawd ntau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas leaching ntawm tswj pH tau ua nyob rau hauv lub 5-9 ntau yam rau 48h ntawm chav tsev kub los txhais cov hlau lead leaching nkhaus rau CRT iav matrix thiab ntsuas cov txheej txheem chelating efficiency. Kev sim leaching curves pom ib tug semi-U-zoo li tus qauv, nrog siab tshaj plaws txhuas tso tawm ntawm acid pH. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias NTA tuaj yeem tshem tawm 66-80% ntawm cov hmoov lead leachable ntawm pH 5.
Scopus tus lej: 2-s2.0-84939211405
URI: http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1071179
Lus: Lus Askiv
Classificazione ausiliaria: analytical chemistry, tshuaj txoj kev xav, lub cev chemistry / tshuaj physics
Keywords: chelating agents, leaching tests, lead extractive method, WEEE lead-iav
Boronic acid transition-state inhibitors (BATSIs) sawv cev rau ib qho ntawm cov kev cia siab tshaj plaws ntawm β-lactamase inhibitors. Ntawm no peb piav qhia txog ib chav kawm tshiab ntawm BATSIs, uas yog, 1-amido-2-triazolylethaneboronic acids, uas tau ua ke los ntawm kev sib txuas cov asymmetric homologation ntawm boronates nrog tooj liab-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition rau stereoselective insertion ntawm pawg amidolective tsim thiab rov ua dua. ntawm 1,4-disubstituted triazole, feem. Txoj kev siv hluavtaws no, uas zam kev ua kom huv nruab nrab, ua pov thawj tias hloov pauv tau thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub vaj huam sib luag ntawm 14 BATSIs coj peb qhov sib txawv R1 amide sab chains (acetamido, benzylamido, thiab 2-thienylacetamido) thiab ntau R substituents ntawm triazole. Lub tsev qiv ntawv me me no tau sim tawm tsam ob chav kho mob uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau chav kawm C β-lactamases los ntawm Enterobacter spp. thiab Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Tus nqi Ki ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws compound (13a) yog tsawg li 4 nM nrog kev txo cov kab mob tseem ceeb rau kev sib xyaw ntawm cefotaxime / 13a.