Sijhawm Nyeem Ntawv: 12 feeb
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Qhov no Series

Peb txoj haujlwm Water Watch Wisconsin tshuaj xyuas cov dej tsis zoo thiab cov teeb meem khoom siv. Qhov no series, Yog Poob Ntawm Cov Kais Dej, tshawb nrhiav kev hem thawj rau cov dej haus thoob plaws Wisconsin.
Puas muaj teeb meem nrog koj cov dej zoo? Xa email rau peb ntawm tswv yim@wisconsinwatch.org.

Sab nraub qaum

Mus rau cov organic: Ib tus neeg ua liaj ua teb tawm tsam cov kab mob hauv av

Tus nqi ntawm feem ntau cov dej haus muaj kuab paug los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom

nitrate yog dab tsi?

Tiv thaiv koj cov dej haus: Koj tuaj yeem ua dab tsi

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Dab tsi hauv koj cov dej? Bridgit Bowden, tus kws tshawb fawb tshaj tawm xov xwm rau Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism thiab Wisconsin Public Radio, piav qhia tias nitrate pollutes dej haus li cas hauv video rau Harvest Public Media.
Dab tsi hauv koj cov dej? Bridgit Bowden, tus kws tshawb fawb tshaj tawm xov xwm rau Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism thiab Wisconsin Public Radio, piav qhia tias nitrate pollutes dej haus li cas hauv video rau Harvest Public Media.
Ntawm Xov Tooj Cua

Kev tshawb fawb qhia lwm tus Bridgit Bowden qhia txog qhov muaj kuab paug nitrate rau Wisconsin Cov Xov Xwm Zej Tsoom thiab Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism.

Yug ib hlis thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav xyoo 1999, Case 8 tau vam meej ntawm cov qauv. Tab sis thaum muaj peb lub lis piam, thaum nws tsev neeg khiav tawm ntawm lub raj mis thiab pib siv cov dej boiled los ntawm tsev neeg qhov dej ntawm lub chaw ua liaj ua teb uas lawv nyob, nws tau mob.

Nws tsuas yog 4 phaus, 10 ooj, thaum nws niam nws txiv coj nws mus rau Grant County chav xwm txheej ceev. Txias, daj ntseg thiab "xiav heev," nws tau caij nyoob hoom qav taub mus rau chav saib xyuas mob hnyav hauv cheeb tsam.

Yuav luag tag nrho nws cov qe ntshav liab tau poob lub peev xwm nqa oxygen, raws li cov ntaub ntawv kho mob Wisconsin cov kws saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv tau sau tseg hauv Wisconsin Medical Journal.

Ob hnub tom qab nws tau mob methaemoglobinemia, los yog "blue baby syndrome," kev ntsuam xyuas dej tau ua rau cov neeg ua txhaum loj tshaj plaws - siab nitrate.

Raws li xeev kev kwv yees, nitrate nyob rau theem tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv kwv yees li 94,000 Wisconsin tsev neeg. Ib ntawm tsib lub qhov dej hauv thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb hnyav yog tam sim no muaj kuab paug nrog nitrate rau kev haus dej nyab xeeb, raws li cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm Lub Xeev Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb, Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Neeg Siv Khoom.

Thiab cov tshuab dej pej xeem tau sau tseg 57 qhov ua txhaum cai ntawm kev noj qab haus huv cov qauv rau nitrate hauv xyoo 2014. Cov kab ke no yuav tsum tau tshaj tawm cov ntawv ceeb toom, muab cov dej ntim hauv lub raj mis, hloov qhov dej, txhim kho kev kho lossis ua lwm yam kev kho kom txo tau nitrate. Ntau tshaj 120 ntawm 11,420 lub tshuab ua tsis tau zoo los saib xyuas lossis qhia txog qib nitrate.

"Nitrate uas mus txog thiab tshaj qhov tsis zoo hauv cov dej haus yog ib qho ntawm cov dej haus tsis zoo hauv Wisconsin, ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo loj rau cov me nyuam mos thiab cov poj niam cev xeeb tub, muaj feem cuam tshuam rau tus me nyuam hauv plab thaum ntxov thaum cev xeeb tub, thiab Kev pheej hmoo mob hnyav rau cov neeg laus, "raws li 2015 Wisconsin Groundwater Coordinating Council daim ntawv qhia mus rau Legislature.

Pawg tswj hwm ntau lub koom haum kuj tau tshaj tawm tias nitrate - ib qho ntawm cov kab mob hauv av uas muaj kab mob loj tshaj plaws hauv Wisconsin - yog "nce ntxiv thiab hnyav."

Txawm hais tias muaj teeb meem tshwm sim, Wisconsin qhov kev tshawb pom tob tshaj plaws ntawm tus me nyuam mos liab muaj ntau tshaj li kaum xyoo.

Cov neeg saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv hauv xeev tau txheeb xyuas yim cas hauv 1990s. Txhua tus tau zoo - suav nrog Case 8, uas tau tawm hauv tsev kho mob tom qab 17 hnub. Feem ntau, tus me nyuam tuaj yeem rov zoo dua hauv ib lossis ob hnub ib zaug muab dej huv.

Cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab tau pom tias txawm tias tus qauv kev noj qab haus huv tam sim no rau nitrate yuav siab dhau.

Txawm li cas los xij, Blue Baby Syndrome yog qhov tsawg. Qhov ntawd yog tej zaum vim tias cov tswv tsev ntiag tug tau ceeb toom rau ntau xyoo los sim lawv cov dej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias lawv muaj menyuam. Tab sis nyob rau hauv plaub lub xyoos dhau los, qhov kev sib kis tau zuj zus zuj zus ntxiv thiab hnyav heev.

nitrate daim ntawv qhia FINAL (2)
Katie Kowalsky / Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism

Ntawm cov uas muaj dej paug los ntawm nitrate yog Sherryl thiab Doug Jones ntawm ntug zos Spring Green.

Kwv yees li yim xyoo dhau los, dej los ntawm lawv qhov dej ntiag tug tau sim ntawm 20 milligrams nitrate ib liter dej - ob zaug ntawm kev txwv kev noj qab haus huv. Sherryl Jones tau hais tias nkawm niam txiv pib hloov mus rau hauv lub raj mis thiab, txij li xyoo 2012, lawv tau siv cov txheej txheem rov qab osmosis kom tshem tawm nitrate ntawm tus nqi kwv yees li $ 25 ib hlis. Rov qab osmosis tshem tawm nitrate thiab lwm yam kab mob los ntawm kev siv lub zog siab los thawb dej los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv semipermeable.

“Peb muaj me nyuam, peb muaj menyuam hauv peb tsev, peb muaj ib tug ntxhais cev xeeb tub, peb muaj cov ntxhais xeeb ntxwv. Qhov no (dej) ua dab tsi? Tsis muaj txoj hauv kev uas peb tuaj yeem cia lawv haus dej no, "Sherryl Jones nco qab.

Jones tau hais tias nws tau hais kom cov neeg nyob ze kom kuaj lawv cov dej, ib yam nkaus. Qhov tshwm sim: Qee tus ntawm lawv tau haus dej nrog plaub zaug kev noj qab haus huv txwv ntawm nitrate. Qhov tseeb, kev ntsuam xyuas los ntawm University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point's Center for Watershed Science thiab Education pom 31 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov qauv dej ntiag tug sau hauv Spring Green cheeb tsam muaj nitrate ntau dua cov qauv kev noj qab haus huv.

Sherryl Jones tau hais tias DNR yeej tsis tau ceeb toom lawv txog qib nitrate siab hauv thaj chaw zoo nkauj raws tus dej Wisconsin uas lawv tsim lawv lub tsev npau suav. Cov tub ceev xwm hauv xeev tau kawm txog qhov txaus ntshai nitrate cov dej ntiag tug hauv Lower Wisconsin River Valley tsawg kawg txij li thaum thaum ntxov 1990s.

Ian Torkelson khiav qhov kev sim rau qhov muaj nitrate thiab phosphorous hauv dej ntawm University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point's Center for Watershed Science thiab Education. Nitrate los ntawm cov chiv, suav nrog tsiaj txhu, thiab tib neeg pov tseg tau ua paug ntau qhov dej hauv Wisconsin.
Ian Torkelson khiav qhov kev sim rau qhov muaj nitrate thiab phosphorous hauv dej ntawm University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point's Center for Watershed Science thiab Education. Nitrate los ntawm cov chiv, suav nrog tsiaj txhu, thiab tib neeg pov tseg tau ua paug ntau qhov dej hauv Wisconsin. Debra Sisk / University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point

“Lawv tau paub txog nws. Tam sim no, lawv tau ua dab tsi?” nws hais. "Lawv tseem tsis tau qhia rau cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam no."

Cov cai tsis sib xws rau nitrate

Tsawg kawg yog 90 feem pua ​​​​ntawm nitrate inputs rau hauv av yog los ntawm cov khoom siv chiv thiab cov chiv los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, raws li 2015 tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Dej Hauv av. Nitrate hauv cov dej haus tau nce zuj zus, pawg sab laj pom, thiab "kev tswj xyuas tam sim no los txwv cov pa phem nitrate muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg."

Ntxiv nrog rau cov kab mob xiav xiav, cov kws tshawb fawb tab tom kawm txog lwm yam kev mob tshwm sim los ntawm nitrate hauv dej haus, suav nrog ntau yam qog nqaij hlav, teeb meem thyroid, kev yug me nyuam thiab ntshav qab zib. Nitrate tuaj yeem hloov mus rau cov tebchaw uas yog "qee qhov muaj zog tshaj plaws paub carcinogens," raws li lub xeev cov dej hauv av pawg sab laj.

Cov phiaj xwm tswj kev noj zaub mov yog lub xeev cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb los daws qhov teeb meem. Lawv pab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb siv nitrogen thiab phosphorus ntawm tus nqi tsim nyog kom cov as-ham tawm ntawm qhov chaw thiab dej hauv av.

George Kraft, tus xibfwb ntawm cov peev txheej dej ntawm UW-Stevens Point uas yog tus tswv xeev tus sawv cev rau pawg sab laj hais tias "(Tab sis) cov phiaj xwm tswj kev noj zaub mov kom meej tsis tiv thaiv cov dej hauv av yog tias peb txhais tau tias ib yam dab tsi ze rau kev tswj hwm tus qauv dej haus.

Xyoo tas los, pawg tswj hwm dej hauv av tau tsim kev tiv thaiv cov dej hauv av los ntawm nitrate thiab lwm yam kab mob ua liaj ua teb ib qho ntawm peb qhov kev pom zoo tshaj plaws rau lub xeev.

Lub xeev DNR, uas yog lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv dej hauv av, tsis kam muab ib tus neeg rau kev xam phaj nrog Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism txog nitrate hauv Wisconsin cov dej haus. Yav tas los tus kws tshaj lij lub koom haum Bill Cosh kuj tsis kam teb cov lus nug txog dab tsi lub tswv yim DNR tab tom nrhiav kom txo nitrate, coj tus neeg sau xov xwm hloov mus rau cov ntawv tshaj tawm yav dhau los.

Tab sis DNR tus thawj coj dej haus Jill Jonas tau lees paub ntawm lub rooj sib tham tshawb fawb xyoo 2014 txog nitrogen cov kev cuam tshuam ib puag ncig uas muaj nyob hauv Madison tias Wisconsin muaj "qhov teeb meem hnyav dua uas peb yuav tsum tau daws."

Thaum Lub Kaum Hli, 16 tus neeg nyob hauv Wisconsin, suav nrog Joneses ntawm ntug zos Spring Green, ua ntawv thov nrog rau US Environmental Protection Agency nrhiav kev yuam kom DNR los kho qhov tsis txaus hauv nws txoj cai tswjfwm txoj cai dej huv hauv tsoomfwv.

dej haus daim ntawv qhia FINAL
Katie Kowalsky / Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism

Cov neeg thov foob tau liam tias DNR tau ua tsis tiav los tiv thaiv hauv av thiab cov dej saum npoo av uas muab dej haus rau lub xeev. Lub chaw haujlwm tau teb los ntawm kev hais tias nws siv nws lub luag haujlwm raws li txoj cai.

Raws li qhov tsis zoo tam sim no, Wisconsin cov dej hauv av nitrate sib kis tag nrho yog qhov yuav nce ntev ua ntej nws ruaj khov, Kraft thiab lwm cov kws paub txog dej hauv av tau hais tias, vim lub sijhawm lag luam ntawm thaum nitrogen siv rau saum npoo thiab thaum nws ncav cuag dej.

Ib pab neeg tshawb fawb coj los ntawm EPA kwv yees xyoo 2008 tias kev ua liaj ua teb nitrate tuaj yeem ua rau lub teb chaws raug nqi $ 157 billion ib xyoos. Nitrate qhov kev puas tsuaj ncaj qha rau cov khoom siv dej haus tau kwv yees li ntawm $ 19 billion, nrog qee tus nqi loj tshaj los ntawm Upper Midwest xeev suav nrog Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, Michigan thiab Indiana. Ntau tus nqi raug ntaus nqi los ntawm kev kwv yees qhov mob qog noj ntshav ntawm cov neeg haus dej tsis huv.

Jonas tau hais rau lub rooj sib tham txog kev tshawb fawb xyoo tas los tias cov nqi ntawm kev sim thiab kev kho mob kom tshem tawm cov pa phem nitrate tau loj hlob thoob plaws lub xeev, "thiab nws yeej tsis muaj kev vam meej."

Dairy lub luag hauj lwm soj ntsuam

Hauv ob peb lub tsev hais plaub tsis ntev los no, cov pa phem nitrate tau los pem hauv ntej thiab nruab nrab vim cov neeg nyob deb nroog tau tawm tsam kev ua liaj ua teb loj. Tus kws txiav txim plaub hauv Wisconsin xyoo 2014 tau hais txog Kewaunee County qhov muaj kuab paug thoob plaws ntawm cov dej haus los ntawm nitrate thiab cov kab mob ua pov thawj ntawm "kev tswj hwm tsis zoo" los ntawm tsoomfwv thiab lub xeev cov koomhaum - qhov kev pom tias DNR tsis lees paub.

Qee cov neeg nyob hauv qhov ntawd tau taw qhia rau cov chaw ua liaj ua teb loj, lub npe hu ua kev ua haujlwm pub tsiaj noj, uas yog feem ntau yuav ua txhaum rau lawv cov dej qias neeg. Lawv tau ua ntaub ntawv sib cais daim ntawv thov thov kom EPA muab cov dej haus nyab xeeb rau lawv thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev thiab tshawb xyuas qhov chaw ntawm cov pa phem nitrate. Ntau tus kuj xav kom nruj dua cov kev cai ntawm cov khoom noj siv mis los tiv thaiv thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw tsis muaj zog karst topography, qhov twg cov dej hauv qab hauv qab qhov tob tob uas muaj cov kab nrib pleb thiab qhov.

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas txhua sab pom zoo tuaj yeem teeb tsa lub teb chaws tus qauv, tsoomfwv tus kws txiav txim plaub ntug hauv xeev Washington hauv lub Tsib Hlis tau tawm tsam nrog cov pab pawg ib puag ncig hauv kev txiav txim siab tias ntau qhov loj ntawm Yakima cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj. cov khoom siv dej tsis zoo nrog nitrate thiab ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Cov khoom noj mis nyuj tau raug yuam kom muab cov dej haus huv rau ntau pua tus neeg nyob ze nrog lub qhov dej tsis huv.

Cov quav los ntawm cov khoom noj mis nyuj raug liam tias yog ib feem ntawm nitrate uas ua rau cov dej haus tsis zoo hauv qee qhov ntawm Wisconsin.
Cov quav los ntawm cov khoom noj mis nyuj raug liam tias yog ib feem ntawm nitrate uas ua rau cov dej haus tsis zoo hauv qee qhov ntawm Wisconsin. Kate Golden / Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism

Giant mis nyuj ua liaj ua teb muaj nceb raws li Wisconsin txoj kev lag luam tau sib sau ua ke. Lub koom haum Wisconsin Dairy Business Association, ib pab pawg kev lag luam, tau tawm tsam qhov kev xav tias cov liaj teb loj tau tainted dej haus los ntawm kev hais txog kev txwv tsis pub ua liaj ua teb me thiab muaj tib neeg, nrog rau tsiaj, pov tseg hauv qhov dej.

Pab pawg lees paub txog kev ua liaj ua teb lub luag haujlwm hauv cov teeb meem tag nrho - thiab cov kev daws teeb meem.

"Yog tias muaj dab tsi, cov khoom noj mis nyuj no yuav yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho mus tom ntej," said lub koom haum tus neeg sawv cev John Holevoet, ntxiv tias cov liaj teb no "tau txais kev kuaj av tsis tu ncua thiab cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws txog kev npaj zaub mov hauv txoj kev uas lwm tus tsis muaj," thiab taw qhia rau kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev siv nitrogen.

"Qhov tseeb yog, kev tswj cov quav tsis tau zoo dua lossis zoo dua li tam sim no. Nws tsuas yog yuav zoo dua," Holevoet hais.

Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias cov neeg ua liaj ua teb uas tau ua raws li kev ua liaj ua teb zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm tsoomfwv lossis lub xeev cov koom haum tuaj yeem ua paug rau hauv av, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau thaj chaw uas muaj dej tsis zoo xws li sab qaum teb Wisconsin thaj chaw karst lossis Central Sands cheeb tsam.

Kevin Masarik, tus kws tshaj lij kev kawm dej hauv av ntawm UW-Stevens Point's Center for Watershed Science thiab Education, tau hais tias qee yam ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tau tswj hwm.

Nws tau hais tias "Peb tsis muaj ntau yam cuab yeej hauv lub cuab yeej los daws cov nitrate hauv av," nws hais.

Cov me nyuam mos xiav thiab kev yug me nyuam

Nitrate hauv dej haus ua rau "muaj kev pheej hmoo mob hnyav rau cov menyuam mos thiab cov poj niam cev xeeb tub," Roy Irving, lub xeev Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv toxicologist hais. Cov uas pheej hmoo tshaj plaws yog cov menyuam mos uas haus cov mis uas muaj nitrate-contaminated dej zoo; Cov menyuam mos uas pub niam mis zoo li zoo txawm tias lawv niam haus dej tsis zoo.

Wisconsin tus kws saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm pej xeem, Henry Anderson, tau hais tias nws lub chaw haujlwm feem ntau pom ib lossis ob qhov xwm txheej ntawm tus menyuam mos liab hauv ib xyoos los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas lub tsev kho mob tawm thiab cov ntaub ntawv xwm txheej ceev.

Tab sis lub tuam tsev tsis tau soj ntsuam xyuas seb cov xwm txheej puas muaj dej, nws hais tias, vim tias tus kab mob no tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm kev siv tshuaj lossis ib qho kev tsis sib haum xeeb tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim. Anderson thiab lwm tus kws tshaj lij tau hais tias lawv ntseeg tias kev tshaj tawm los ntawm kws kho menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv tau ua haujlwm tau zoo.

Dick Swanson ntawm Algoma nqa cov menyuam roj hmab pleev xim xiav los qhia txog "blue baby syndrome," ib qho mob tshwm sim thaum cov me nyuam mos haus dej qias neeg los ntawm nitrate. Swanson, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm pab pawg neeg tawm tswv yim Kewaunee Cares, tau koom nrog "sink-in" nrog txog 50 leej lwm tus ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm Wisconsin State Capitol thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 7 los tawm tsam cov pa phem los ntawm kev ua haujlwm pub tsiaj ntau. Cov neeg tawm tsam liam tias kev ua liaj ua teb loj loj rau kev paug dej haus hauv Nroog Kewaunee thiab lwm qhov.
Dick Swanson ntawm Algoma nqa cov menyuam roj hmab pleev xim xiav los qhia txog "blue baby syndrome," ib qho mob tshwm sim thaum cov me nyuam mos haus dej qias neeg los ntawm nitrate. Swanson, ib tug tswv cuab ntawm pab pawg neeg tawm tswv yim Kewaunee Cares, tau koom nrog "sink-in" nrog txog 50 leej lwm tus ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm Wisconsin State Capitol thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 7 los tawm tsam cov pa phem los ntawm kev ua haujlwm pub tsiaj ntau. Cov neeg tawm tsam liam tias kev ua liaj ua teb loj loj rau kev paug dej haus hauv Nroog Kewaunee thiab lwm qhov. Abigail Becker / Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism

“Txhua qhov kev mus ntsib, peb nug, 'Koj siv dej dab tsi? Koj puas muaj lub qhov dej?' "hais tias Dr. Beth Neary, tus kws tshaj lij txog kev noj qab haus huv ib puag ncig uas nws lub sijhawm ntev Madison kev coj ua menyuam yaus suav nrog ntau tus niam los ntawm cov chaw nyob deb nroog. "Tab sis yuav tsum muaj cov neeg uas tsis mus ntsib kws kho mob."

Xyoo tas los, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv tau hloov kho nws cov lus qhia txog kev noj qab haus huv los ceeb toom cov poj niam uas tuaj yeem xeeb tub kom nyob deb ntawm cov dej uas muaj nitrate siab, raws li kev tshawb fawb tawm tshiab txuas cov tshuaj rau kev yug menyuam.

Hauv ib txoj kev tshawb fawb 2013 ntawm 3,300 Iowa thiab Texas cov niam txiv thiab 1,121 tus niam tswj hwm, cov menyuam yaus muaj spina bifida, cleft palate lossis di ncauj, lossis tsis muaj ceg tawv yog tag nrho. feem ntau yuav qaug dej qaug cawv tsawg kawg yog 5.4 milligrams ntawm nitrate ib hnub twg, uas yog raws li tus qauv kev noj qab haus huv.

Qee qhov teebmeem kev noj qab haus huv, cov kws tshawb fawb tau sau tseg, tej zaum yuav tshwm sim tsis yog los ntawm nitrate nws tus kheej tab sis los ntawm cov kab mob sib kis, nrog rau cov tshuaj tua kab, uas feem ntau tshwm sim nrog nws.

Dismaying thoob lub xeev txoj kev

Xyoo 2014, Masarik thiab ib pab pawg ntawm UW-Madison thiab xeev Wisconsin cov neeg koom tes tshuaj xyuas ib xyoo caum tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau ntau tshaj 8,500 lub tsev teev ntuj, tuav thiab lwm yam "tsheb ciav hlau uas tsis yog-zes dej systems" uas yuav tsum tau sim tsawg kawg ib xyoos rau nitrate.

Lawv tau kwv yees tias muab cov qib nitrate nce lossis poob qis ntawm cov qhov dej, txog 687 cov kab ke uas tsis yog hauv zej zog, lossis 8 feem pua ​​​​ntawm tag nrho, thaum kawg yuav tsum tau nqis peev rau hauv lub qhov dej tshiab lossis kev kho mob.

Vim tias nitrate tuaj yeem siv sijhawm los ua nws txoj hauv kev mus rau hauv dej, qee qhov kev hloov pauv tsis ntev los no yuav yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev siv av txij li kaum xyoo dhau los. Kev txhim kho tam sim no yuav siv sij hawm ntau xyoo los txi txiv.

Kevin Masarik, tus kws tshaj lij kev kawm dej hauv av hauv University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point's Center for Watershed Science thiab Education, tau pom ntawm no ntawm Wisconsin Farm Technology Days ze Sun Prairie thaum Lub Yim Hli. Nws tau hais tias "Kuv tsis xav tias peb tau paub meej tias qhov twg ntawm nitrate (hauv av) nyob thoob plaws Wisconsin tseem," nws hais.
Kevin Masarik, tus kws tshaj lij kev kawm dej hauv av hauv University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point's Center for Watershed Science thiab Education, tau pom ntawm no ntawm Wisconsin Farm Technology Days ze Sun Prairie thaum Lub Yim Hli. Nws tau hais tias "Kuv tsis xav tias peb tau paub meej tias qhov twg ntawm nitrate (hauv av) nyob thoob plaws Wisconsin tseem," nws hais. Ron Seely / Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism

Masarik tau hais tias "Kuv tsis xav tias peb tau paub meej tias qhov twg ntawm nitrate muaj nyob thoob plaws Wisconsin tseem," Masarik hais. "Kuv xav tias muaj thaj chaw uas peb yuav mus txuas ntxiv mus saib cov qhov dej siab tshaj tus qauv uas tej zaum yav dhau los tsis tau ua."

Masarik tau piav qhia tias Joneses pom lawv cov dej hauv qhov dej nkag mus li 20 milligrams ib liter ntawm nitrate - ob zaug qhov kev txwv tsis pub dhau. Doug Jones xav tsis thoob yog tias thaj tsam 15-acre nws tau xauj tawm, uas cov pob kws thiab taum loj hlob tuaj, tuaj yeem raug liam. Puas yuav muab av tawm ntawm kev tsim khoom txhim kho nws cov dej zoo?

"Kuv tsis paub," Masarik hais rau Jones, muab saib xyuas dej.

Ob xyoos tom qab, cov qib nitrate tau txo qis. Tab sis, Masarik tau lees paub, nws tsis yog lub tswv yim uas cov tswv zoo feem ntau muaj "khoom kim heev" los ua haujlwm.

Tib neeg ib txwm nug nws: Ua li cas txog cov kab mob septic?

Hauv qee qhov chaw lawv yuav tsum liam. Tib neeg pov tseg yog nplua nuj nrog nitrogen, ib yam li tsiaj pov tseg. Cov kab mob septic uas tsim tsis raug lossis muab tso rau hauv thaj chaw uas muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm geology tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej paug.

Thoob plaws hauv lub xeev, septics suav txog li 9 feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov nitrate inputs rau hauv av. Lawn care pab ntxiv 1 feem pua. Cov chiv chiv thiab cov chiv chiv ua rau cov seem 90 feem pua.

Masarik kwv yees tias kom ua tau raws li cov dej zoo cuam tshuam ntawm 20-acre teb ntawm pob kws, cov 20 acres yuav tsum muaj 36 ib txwm ua haujlwm septic rau lawv.

Masarik tau hais tias "Tsis muaj leej twg xav xav tias nws yog vim lawv," Masarik tau hais ntxiv, "Yog tias koj xav kom muaj kev sib cav tswv yim txog qhov nws tuaj ntawm qhov twg thiab koj tuaj yeem kho nws li cas, nws tseem ceeb heev kom nkag siab txog lub hauv paus."

Nutrient tswj tsis kho

Kev siv chiv muaj txog plaub npaug txij li xyoo 1960 thoob tebchaws, raws li US Department of Agriculture cov duab. Lub Xeev Department of Agriculture, Trade thiab Consumer Protection kev kwv yees tias cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tau thov ntau dua 200 lab phaus ntawm nitrogen ntau dhau ntawm UW-Extension qoob loo cov lus pom zoo hauv xyoo 2007.

Masarik tau hais tias qhov teeb meem nitrate tsis yog tsuas yog hais txog cov neeg ua liaj ua teb ua rau thaj chaw tsis zoo los ntawm kev siv nitrogen ntau dhau. Qhov teeb meem yog tias tsis muaj cov nroj tsuag zoo tag nrho ntawm kev nqus cov as-ham.

Lub xeev kev ua liaj ua teb department hais tias kev npaj tswj kev noj zaub mov yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv cov khoom noj ntau dhau los ntawm tainting dej. Wisconsin cov qauv tam sim no yog cov nruj tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws, tus kws tshaj lij lub koom haum Donna Gilson tau hais, thiab kev hloov kho tam sim no tab tom ua yuav xav tau "kev txwv muaj zog dua" ntawm kev nthuav tawm cov khoom noj rau qee hom av, nyob rau lub caij ntuj no thiab ze ntawm cov kav dej rau saum npoo av lossis hauv av.

Cov av ntxeem tau ntawm Wisconsin thaj av Central Sands tso cai rau cov chiv thiab lwm yam chiv los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb ua rau lawv txoj hauv kev mus rau hauv dej, qee zaum ua paug rau hauv av thiab dej haus nrog nitrate.
Cov av ntxeem tau ntawm Wisconsin thaj av Central Sands tso cai rau cov chiv thiab lwm yam chiv los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb ua rau lawv txoj hauv kev mus rau hauv dej, qee zaum ua paug rau hauv av thiab dej haus nrog nitrate. Kate Golden / Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism

Tab sis lub xeev cov neeg ua haujlwm ua liaj ua teb pom ntawm cov phiaj xwm kev ua tau zoo hauv kev hais txog nitrate yog rosier dua li cov kws paub txog dej hauv av Kraft thiab Masarik. Masarik, uas tau koom nrog hauv kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev npaj cov zaub mov zoo li no, hais tias lub tswv yim tseem yuav ua rau cov dej tsis huv tshwj tsis yog cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tig lawv cov qoob loo.

Txawm tias kev hloov kho rau cov qauv kev tswj cov khoom noj khoom haus tsis zoo li yuav txhim kho cov dej zoo, Masarik tau hais. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov phiaj xwm zoo li no "tej zaum yuav raug muag ntau dhau hauv qee kis - lossis kev nkag siab tsis zoo ntawm qhov tseeb tiag," nws hais.

Rau ib yam, xws li cov phiaj xwm qee zaum nce kev siv cov as-ham. A daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas ntawm 259 Wisconsin cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, feem ntau cog pob kws thiab taum pauv nrog cov tsiaj nyeg, pom tias 51 feem pua ​​​​nce lawv cov kev siv nitrogen tom qab siv cov phiaj xwm kev noj zaub mov.

Kev sim zoo yog tsawg

Cov tswv tsev nyob hauv Wisconsin yog tsis tau sim lawv lub qhov dej, thiab tsawg heev tau ua li ntawd, cia nyob ib leeg ntawm lub sijhawm txhua xyoo uas cov thawj coj hauv zej zog pom zoo. Hauv qee thaj chaw, txawm tias kev sim txhua xyoo yuav tsis tshua txaus los lav cov dej nyab xeeb vim tias cov pa phem tuaj yeem nce mus rau ib hlis thiab ploj mus tom ntej.

Cov neeg thov kev thov Sherryl thiab Doug Jones xav tias Lub Xeev Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Ntuj tau tso cov neeg nyob hauv kev tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej thaum nws los xyuas kom lawv cov dej zoo.

Cov Jones xav tau dab tsi?

Doug Jones tau hais tias "Peb txhua tus muaj cai tau dej huv, dej haus,". "Tsis muaj laj thawj yog vim li cas nrog hnub no thiab hnub nyoog thiab tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis uas ib yam dab tsi ua tsis tau los txhim kho qhov xwm txheej vim tias nws tsuas zoo li yuav tsis zoo."

Lwm tus nyiam qhov kev hloov pauv hauv lub xeev txoj cai lij choj, suav nrog kev sim ntsuas cov dej ntiag tug.

"Kev tso tseg rau ib tus neeg pej xeem tsuas yog tsis zoo rau pej xeem txoj cai noj qab haus huv," tus kws kho mob menyuam yaus Neary tau hais.

Masarik, uas siv sijhawm ntau los txhawb cov neeg sim lawv lub qhov dej, ceeb toom tias qhov kev xav tau no tuaj yeem ntxiv txheej txheej ntawm kev tswj hwm yam tsis tau ua rau pej xeem muaj kev nyab xeeb dua. Yuav ua li cas cov tswv zoo uas nws cov kev ntsuam xyuas pom nitrate yuav tsum tau ua?

Doug thiab Sherryl Jones qhia kev saib xyuas zoo ntawm lawv cov cuab yeej nyob hauv nroog Spring Green. Cov khub niam txiv cov dej haus tau pom hauv xyoo 2007 kom muaj ob npaug ntawm kev noj qab haus huv txwv rau nitrate. Lawv pib hloov mus rau lub raj mis dej tab sis tam sim no muaj qhov rov qab osmosis kom tshem tawm nitrate. Cov Joneses yog ntawm 16 tus neeg thov kev thov kom yuam lub Xeev Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Zoo kom tswj hwm ib feem ntawm Txoj Cai Dej Huv Huv.
Doug thiab Sherryl Jones qhia kev saib xyuas zoo ntawm lawv cov cuab yeej nyob hauv nroog Spring Green. Cov khub niam txiv cov dej haus tau pom hauv xyoo 2007 kom muaj ob npaug ntawm kev noj qab haus huv txwv rau nitrate. Lawv pib hloov mus rau lub raj mis dej tab sis tam sim no muaj qhov rov qab osmosis kom tshem tawm nitrate. Cov Joneses yog ntawm 16 tus neeg thov kev thov kom yuam lub Xeev Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Zoo kom tswj hwm ib feem ntawm Txoj Cai Dej Huv Huv. Bridgit Bowden / Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism

Hauv qee qhov xwm txheej, "koj yuav tsum ntsuas koj cov kev xaiv," nws hais. "Tsoomfwv yuav tsis muaj peev xwm txiav txim siab rau lawv."

Masarik ntseeg tias tsoomfwv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog qhia cov kws saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv, chaw saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv hauv nroog thiab cov tswv tsev nyob deb nroog txog lawv lub luag haujlwm los kuaj lawv cov dej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum yuav khoom lossis thaum menyuam yaus taug kev.

Short-term fixes kim

Tus nqi ntawm kev daws teeb meem nitrate rau ib tsev neeg tuaj yeem khiav los ntawm ntau pua daus las hauv ib xyoos rau cov dej hauv lub raj mis lossis cov dej kho dej mus txog ntau txhiab daus las txhawm rau txhawm rau qhov dej tshiab. Cov txheej txheem kho mob, tshwj xeeb, yuav tsum tau saib xyuas - thiab tsis muaj kev lees paub txog kev nyab xeeb, raws li lwm qhov xwm txheej los ntawm Wisconsin Medical Journal qhia txog.

Case 4 yog ib tug me nyuam ntxhais los ntawm Eau Claire County hnyav 6 phaus thiab 10 ooj. Nws tau noj qab nyob zoo rau thawj lub hlis ntawm lub neej. Tab sis nws pib muab pov tseg tom qab pub mis thiab muaj cov quav xoob. Nws raug kho rau lub cev qhuav dej thiab mus tsev rau hnub tom qab.

Rau hnub tom qab nws tau raug lees paub thiab tau piav qhia tias "nkim thiab dusky," lossis lwm yam lus, xiav.

Nws tau haus cov mis ua nrog dej zoo. Cov tsev neeg paub tias cov dej tsis huv thiab tau lim nws nrog kev rov qab osmosis.

Ib qho piv txwv dej coj thaum Case 4 nyob hauv tsev kho mob pom cov nitrate ntawm 9.9 milligrams, nyob ze ntawm tus qauv kev noj qab haus huv, nrog rau cov qauv tom qab ntawm 12.5 thiab 23.5 milligrams ib liter.

Nws hloov tawm tsev neeg txoj kev daws teeb meem - lim - tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem txhua.

Tus kws sau xov xwm Bridgit Bowden tau pab txhawb rau tsab ntawv ceeb toom no. Ib feem ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab tau tsim los ntawm kev koom tes nrog cov chav kawm sau xov xwm koom nrog hauv The Confluence, ib txoj haujlwm koom nrog Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism thiab University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Journalism thiab Mass Communication. Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism (www.WisconsinWatch.org) koom tes nrog Wisconsin Cov Xov Xwm Zej Tsoom, Wisconsin Cov Xov Xwm Rau Pej Xeem, lwm cov xov xwm tshaj tawm thiab UW-Madison Tsev Kawm Ntawv Xov Xwm thiab Kev Sib Txuas Lus. Txhua yam haujlwm tsim, tshaj tawm, tshaj tawm lossis tshaj tawm los ntawm Lub Chaw tsis tas yuav cuam tshuam cov kev xav lossis kev xav ntawm UW-Madison lossis ib qho ntawm cov koom tes.

Creative Commons License

Rov luam tawm peb cov ntawv dawb, hauv online lossis luam tawm, raws li daim ntawv tso cai Creative Commons.

Nrov dab neeg los ntawm Wisconsin Watch

Kate GoldenMultimedia director thiab reporter

Kate Golden, tus thawj coj hauv xov xwm thiab tshaj xov xwm, tshwj xeeb hauv cov dab neeg ib puag ncig thiab cov ntaub ntawv pom.