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Txoj Kev Kawm: Cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua kom qis dua cov ntses testosterone Cov kws tshawb fawb tau nthuav tawm cov minnows rau kev sib xyaw ntawm linuron, tshuaj tua kab mob siv los tswj cov nyom thiab cov nroj tsuag, thiab DEHP, cov yas siv los ua cov khoom kho mob.
Dej Saib Wisconsin
Zaj dab neeg no yog ib feem ntawm Dej Saib Wisconsin, ib qhov kev sib koom ua ke ntawm Wisconsin Center for Investigative Journalism, Wisconsin Public Radio thiab Wisconsin Public TV. Nyob rau hauv nws, peb tab tom tshuaj xyuas qhov zoo thiab kev muab khoom ntawm Wisconsin cov dej. Peb txais tos cov tswv yim dab neeg; thov hu rau peb ntawm dej@wisconsinwatch.org.
Rau cov tub ceev xwm pej xeem uas tiv thaiv Milwaukee cov dej, Cryptosporidium hloov txhua yam.
Ob xyoos dhau los, tus kab mob kis tau los ntawm lub nroog Howard Avenue cov chaw kho dej thiab mus txog lub nroog cov kais dej. Cov tawm ua rau muaj kwv yees li 400,000 tus neeg mob plab hnyuv thiab tsawg kawg 69 tus neeg tuag.
Nws yog tus kab mob loj tshaj plaws hauv dej tau sau tseg hauv keeb kwm Asmeskas.
Txij li thaum muaj kev sib kis, lub nroog cov dej siv hluav taws xob, uas rub nws cov khoom siv los ntawm Lake Michigan, tau nqis peev $ 417 lab hauv kev txhim kho cov vaj tse, kev saib xyuas thiab kev kho mob.
Pib xyoo 2004, Milwaukee Water Works tau tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm hnyav los saib xyuas qhov kev hem thawj rau pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv tshiab: cov tshuaj tsis raug cai loj heev uas hu ua "cov kab mob tshwm sim," suav nrog cov tshuaj estrogen thiab testosterone, nplaim hluav taws, tshuaj tua kab, tshuaj tawg thiab tshuaj.
Qee yam ntawm cov tshuaj no yog cov cuam tshuam endocrine, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj hormones thiab ua rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, txawm tias tsawg heev.
Carrie Lewis, tus thawj coj ntawm Milwaukee Water Works tau hais tias "Peb qhov kev sim yog keeb kwm los ntawm Cryptosporidium. Qhov tshwm sim "ua rau peb paub tias peb nyob hauv kev lag luam tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem."
Cov kab mob kis mus rau hauv dej los ntawm cua daj cua dub, kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb thiab cov dej phwj tuaj hauv tsev, suav nrog cov tshuaj uas tau tso rau hauv chav dej lossis nqa mus rau tib neeg pov tseg.
Ntau qhov kev sim, ob peb pom
Milwaukee Water Works tests for more than 500 chemicals txhua xyoo, thiab posts nws kev soj ntsuam cov txiaj ntsig online. Cov 2011 tsab ntawv ceeb toom qhia txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ob peb yam kab mob tshwm sim, suav nrog DEET, tshuaj yoov tshaj cum; sulfamethoxazole, tshuaj tua kab mob; thiab Perfluorooctane sulfonate, ib qho txuas ntxiv, tib neeg tsim muaj tshuaj lom neeg.
In 2012, tsis muaj cov tshuaj no tau kuaj pom. Ob xyoos, chloroform thiab lwm yam kev tswj hwm los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj tua kab mob hauv dej tau pom zoo hauv qab qhov tso cai.
Lon Couillard, Milwaukee Water Works 'tus saib xyuas dej zoo, ntawm cov tshuaj tsis raug cai tau hais tias "Kuv tsis xav tias muaj cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv lossis qhov tseem ceeb uas tau raug khi rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov tshuaj no.
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob lub vev xaib tau hais tias pom tias: "Kev tshawb fawb tsis tau pom muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov kab mob no tau tshawb pom."
Couillard tau hais tias kev hloov pauv xyoo-rau-xyoo hauv cov kab mob tshwm sim tsis zoo yuav yog qhov tseem ceeb, muab lub peev xwm rau kev ua yuam kev thaum kuaj ntawm qhov tsawg heev uas lawv lub chaw kuaj mob yuav tsum siv.
Tsim kom muaj lub hauv paus thiab saib xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ntau xyoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nkag siab txog cov kab mob twg yuav raug suav tias yog qhov txaus ntshai, Couillard tau hais.
Lee Boushon, tus thawj coj ntawm Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 'public water supply section, hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov dej systems tsom tsuas yog rau ib tug qauv ntawm 91 kab mob kab mob tswj los ntawm US Environmental Protection Agency.
Boushon tau hais tias "Nws yog qhov xav tau mus tom ntej rau Milwaukee los saib xyuas cov kab mob sib kis ntxiv dhau ntawm cov npe ntawd," Boushon tau hais.
Txij li thaum Cryptosporidium tshwm sim xyoo 1993, Milwaukee tau ua ntau yam kev txhim kho rau nws cov dej haus. Ib txoj haujlwm $ 11 lab txuas ntxiv rau Howard Avenue cov dej tau txais 4,200 ko taw mus rau qhov deb ntawm ob mais ntawm Lake Michigan tus ntug dej hiav txwv, dhau ntawm txoj kev kis kab mob los ntawm lub nroog cov chaw tsim khoom lag luam.
Raws li cov dej hauv pas dej maj mam nkag mus rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, nws nkag mus rau cuaj-kauj ruam kev kho mob uas suav nrog tshuaj tua kab mob nrog cov roj ozone bubbling, sedimentation thiab pom. Tom qab ntawd nws tau suav tias "dawb huv, nyab xeeb thiab qab" los ntawm Dej Ua Haujlwm.
Nyob rau lwm qhov kawg ntawm lub nroog cov kab dej, Milwaukee Cheeb Tsam Lub Nroog Sewerage tau sim lub tshuab lim dej hauv lub xeev. Lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau ntes cov kab mob tshwm sim tiv thaiv kev tshem tawm los ntawm kev kho cov dej khib nyiab nrog rau phosphorus, cov khoom noj uas ua rau algae blooms thiab ntses tua.
Ib tug science nyob rau hauv nws cov me nyuam mos
Tab sis thaum thev naus laus zis tau hloov zuj zus los tshawb pom cov kab mob tshwm sim hauv dej ntawm qhov ntau me me, cov thawj coj dej thoob plaws lub tebchaws tseem tsis muaj lus teb zoo rau pej xeem txog kev pheej hmoo ntau npaum li cas rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv lossis ib puag ncig.
Feem ntau ntawm 80,000 chemicals hauv kev lag luam siv tsis tau raug kuaj kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, raws li mus rau Pew Charitable Trusts.
Rebecca Klaper, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm University tau hais tias "Muaj kev txhawj xeeb ntxiv thoob plaws Tebchaws Meskas txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov organics, xws li cov tshuaj hormones thiab tshuaj, hauv peb lub tshuab dej thiab cov kev hem thawj uas lawv ua rau tib neeg noj qab haus huv, tsiaj qus thiab ib puag ncig," said Rebecca Klaper, tus kws tshaj lij ntawm University. Wisconsin-Milwaukee's School of Freshwater Sciences, nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm tshaj tawm ntawm cheeb tsam cov kav dej phwj tuaj qhov kev tshawb fawb pom.
Kev cuam tshuam rau cov tshuaj no tau cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm tus cwj pwm kev sib deev, cov pejxeem poob qis, thaum ntxov los yog lig puberty thiab malformed reproductive organ nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj.
Tab sis kev loj hlob tawg ntawm kev tsim cov endocrine cuam tshuam, lawv yuav luag thoob plaws ntiaj teb muaj nyob hauv huab cua, dej thiab av, thiab ntau yam thiab tsis yooj yim ntawm kev cuam tshuam, ua rau kev kawm txog kev noj qab haus huv hauv tib neeg yog qhov nyuaj heev.
Jocelyn Hemming, tus kws kho mob toxicologist nrog Wisconsin State Lab of Hygiene tau hais tias "Yog tias koj teev txhua yam tshuaj uas khi rau cov tshuaj hormones thiab tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam, yuav muaj ntau pua ntawm lawv," "Nws tsis ntseeg tias muaj pes tsawg lub tebchaw ua li ntawd."
Tim Bate, tus thawj coj ntawm lub nroog cov kav dej phwj tuaj ntawm kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev npaj, hais tias feem ntau cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab tsis tau nruab los daws cov teeb meem endocrine, tshuaj thiab lwm yam tshuaj uas muaj kev txhawj xeeb.
Lawv feem ntau hla "txoj cai dhau mus rau hauv ib puag ncig dej, thiab nws cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob hauv dej," Bate tau hais. "Kuv xav tias qhov ntawd yuav loj dua thiab loj dua mus tom ntej."
Kev lim dej zoo dua
Lub hauv paus tsev kawm ntawv cov kav dej phwj tau tshawb pom pom tias qhov kev lim dej tshiab tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm 75 feem pua ntawm 10 cov kab mob tshwm sim tau kuaj xyuas, thaum tseem txo qis cov phosphorus.
Txoj kev tshawb no tau tshaj tawm lub caij nplooj zeeg dhau los los ntawm Milwaukee Cheeb Tsam Sewerage thiab Veolia, Fabkis lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm thiab tswj xyuas Milwaukee cov chaw kho dej phwj tuaj.
Siv nws lub tshuab hluav taws xob pom hluav taws xob, lub npe hu ua Actiflo Carb, lub tuam txhab tau sim rau kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj nrog rau lub siab stabilizing tshuaj, tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab tshuaj ntshav siab. Lawv raug xaiv raws li kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los qhia tias lawv nyuaj rau tshem tawm nrog kev kho dej phwj tuaj.
Ntawm cov tshuaj no yog triclosan, cov kab mob tua kab mob siv hauv tes soaps, tshuaj txhuam hniav, thiab tshuaj ntxuav tes. Cov tshuaj, tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm US Food and Drug Administration, paub tias yuav cuam tshuam cov tshuaj hormones hauv cov ntses, qav thiab nas thiab muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Thiab thaum ua ke nrog chlorinated dej thiab hnub ci, triclosan tuaj yeem tawg ua dioxins, uas tuaj yeem ua tau. lom heev.
Txoj kev lim dej tshiab tuaj yeem tshem tawm ib ncig ntawm 90 feem pua ntawm triclosan los ntawm cov dej khib nyiab.
Jim Hurst, tus thawj coj ua haujlwm ntawm Veolia Water North America, tau hais tias txoj kev kho tshiab "yuav muab cov dej khib nyiab ib txoj hauv kev los rub lawv cov nyiaj kho mob thaum txo cov pa phem ntau ntau thiab ua tiav cov dej zoo dua."
Cov tub ceev xwm hauv nroog Sewerage tau hais tias thaum lub chaw tsav tsheb tau cog lus tseg, lawv tsis tau npaj los nqis peev hauv kev nthuav dav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev tshem tawm cov kab mob tsis raug cai.
Bill Graffin, tus kws tshaj lij xov xwm pej xeem ntawm Milwaukee cov dej phwj tuaj hauv cheeb tsam tau hais tias "Peb yuav tsum tau ceev faj kom peb tshawb xyuas tag nrho cov thev naus laus zis tshiab," said Bill Graffin. "Muaj tseeb peb tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, tab sis yuav ua li cas yog tias ib yam dab tsi zoo dua tuaj rau tag kis?"
Ob peb lo lus teb ntawm kev pheej hmoo
Ntawm Milwaukee's Water Works, Lewis txhawj xeeb txog kev sib txuas lus nrog pej xeem li cas txog cov kab mob tshwm sim, muab cov kev tshawb fawb tsis meej txog cov kab mob uas raug kuaj pom.
"Nws nyuaj rau tib neeg to taub thaum peb yuav tsum hais tias kev tshawb fawb tsis nyob ntawd los qhia peb tias qhov no txhais li cas," nws hais. "Kev cia siab yog tias cov ntaub ntawv peb tau sau tseg yuav pab nrhiav qhov no."
Qee qhov kev sib cav txog kev tshawb fawb twb tau taw qhia rau kev pheej hmoo tiag tiag.
Linda Birnbaum, tus thawj coj ntawm National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, ua tim khawv ua ntej 2010 pawg thawj coj saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv uas cov kws tshawb fawb tau soj ntsuam cov npe loj zuj zus ntawm cov txiaj ntsig kev noj qab haus huv endocrine-rhiab heev. Kev mob qog nqaij hlav hauv lub mis thiab prostate nce ntxiv, cev xeeb tub ectopic, cov noob qes qis thiab kev laus thaum ntxov yog tag nrho cov laj thawj rau kev txhawj xeeb txog kev cuam tshuam rau endocrine cuam tshuam, nws hais.
Hauv nws zaj lus tim khawv, Birnbaum kuj tau ceeb toom tias kev cuam tshuam me me ntawm cov kab mob endocrine - uas yog teb rau cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov tshuaj hormones - los ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg xws li cov dej hauv dej, tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev noj qab haus huv.
Lwm tus kws tshaj lij pom zoo tias cov tshuaj muaj kev txhawj xeeb, tab sis hais tias haus dej tsis zoo yuav muaj kev pheej hmoo loj.
"Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas kuv paub txog, kuv tsis tau pom muaj pov thawj ntawm kev pheej hmoo los ntawm kev siv tshuaj ntau hauv cov dej haus," Shane Snyder, tus xibfwb ntawm chemical thiab ib puag ncig engineering ntawm University of Arizona, tau hais hauv kev xam phaj.
Snyder, zoo li Klaper, hais tias tib neeg tej zaum yuav raug ntau dua rau cov tshuaj no los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev xws li tshuaj tsw qab, tshuaj zawv plaub hau thiab cov nplaim hluav taws.
"Xav tias qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj uas peb tau pom hauv Asmeskas cov dej haus yog kwv yees li 5 lab npaug qis dua li cov tshuaj kho," Snyder hais rau ib pawg Senate hauv xyoo 2008, sawv cev rau American Water Works Association, ib lub koom haum tshaj lij uas suav nrog cov tswj hwm kev kho dej.
Hauv kev xam phaj, Snyder tau sau tseg tias cov pov thawj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no raug txwv ib feem vim tias kev tshawb fawb tsis ntsuas cov tshuaj sib tov uas tshwm sim hauv dej.
Snyder tau hais tias "feem ntau ntawm peb cov kev cai yog raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm ib qho tshuaj nyob rau hauv kev cais tawm," Snyder tau hais. "Peb xav tau txoj hauv kev zoo dua los saib dej los ntawm qhov kev xav sib tov."
Kev tiv thaiv zoo dua li kho tau
Kevin Shafer, tus thawj coj ntawm Milwaukee cheeb tsam cov kav dej phwj tuaj, pom zoo tias kev lim tawm cov khoom tsis zoo los ntawm cov dej xau yog qhov tseem ceeb. Tab sis txawm zoo dua, nws hais tias, yog kom nws tawm ntawm cov dej hauv thawj qhov chaw.
Nws tau sau tseg lub nroog txoj kev vam meej ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob kom tsis txhob muaj dej paug. Shafer tau hais tias "Peb tau sau cov tshuaj ntau thiab ntau ntau thiab tau txais lawv tawm ntawm ib puag ncig," Shafer hais.
Klaper tau hais tias nws tau txhawb nqa los ntawm txoj kev mus rau ntsuab chemistry, nyob rau hauv uas tej zaum kev noj qab haus huv los yog ib puag ncig yuav raug suav rau thaum lub sij hawm tsim tshuaj.
Hu kom nce kev cai
Nees nkaum xyoo dhau los, lub xeev thiab tsoomfwv cov cai tswjfwm nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tsis txaus los tiv thaiv tus kabmob Cryptosporidium hauv Milwaukee. Tam sim no, cov koom haum tshawb fawb thiab cov pab pawg tawm tswv yim tau thov kom muaj kev ceev faj ntxiv rau cov kab mob xws li cov kab mob endocrine cuam tshuam.
Koom haum xws li tus Endocrine Kev Ua Neej tau thov kom muaj kev tshawb fawb ntxiv, thiab kev tswj xyuas kom muaj zog kom txo tau qhov cuam tshuam rau endocrine cuam tshuam.
Ib txhia yog thawb hloov tshiab thiab ntxiv dag zog rau kev cai lij choj tshuaj.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, Lewis, tus thawj saib xyuas haujlwm hauv Milwaukee Water Works, tau hais tias lub nroog yuav txuas ntxiv mus saib xyuas cov kab mob tsis zoo.
"Peb xav tias nws yog peb lub luag haujlwm saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv kom paub tias muaj dab tsi hauv dej," nws hais.
Cov nonprofit Wisconsin Center rau Kev Tshawb Xyuas Xov Xwm (www.WisconsinWatch.org) koom tes nrog Wisconsin Cov Xov Xwm Zej Tsoom, Wisconsin Cov Xov Xwm Rau Pej Xeem, lwm cov xov xwm tshaj tawm thiab UW-Madison Tsev Kawm Ntawv Xov Xwm thiab Kev Sib Txuas Lus. Txhua yam haujlwm tsim, tshaj tawm, tshaj tawm lossis tshaj tawm los ntawm Lub Chaw tsis tas yuav cuam tshuam cov kev xav lossis kev xav ntawm UW-Madison lossis ib qho ntawm cov koom tes.
Rov luam tawm peb cov ntawv dawb, hauv online lossis luam tawm, raws li daim ntawv tso cai Creative Commons.
Hais rau koj ib feem ntawm lub teb chaws thov!
Kuv nyob ntawm ntug qub av ua liaj ua teb, txawm li cas los nyob ze yog cov zej zog uas hloov dua siab tshiab nyob rau hauv 20 xyoo dhau los los ntawm ua liaj ua teb mus rau vaj tse. Cov neeg nyob ntawd ntxhi txog cov kab mob qog noj ntshav, tshwj xeeb yog mob qog noj ntshav thiab prostrate.
Tsis tuaj yeem pab tab sis xav paub ntev npaum li cas cov tshuaj ua liaj ua teb lurk hauv cov av, cov tshuaj tua kab residue hauv cov zaub mov tam sim no thiab cov co toxins tsawg nkag mus rau hauv cov dej hauv zos.
Kuv twv yog tag nrho peb tau tshwm sim!
Cov kab lus zoo heev, Marion thiab Kate! Kuv xav pom qhov tob tob txog qhov tshwm sim rau tag nrho cov kab mob no uas tau lim tawm hauv dej hauv kev kho mob. Yuav ua li cas tom qab cov lim carbon tau ua tiav lawv txoj haujlwm? Tsis txhob muab lawv tso rau hauv cov dej phwj tuaj, lossis hu ua "biosolids," uas Lub Nroog Milwaukee muab tam sim ntawd (lossis, qee xyoo, muag) ua "Milorganite" rau kev siv ua liaj ua teb thiab vaj, suav nrog av siv. loj hlob txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub? Ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob no muaj peev xwm raug coj los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab bioaccumulated. Puas yog lawv ua lawv txoj kev rov qab mus rau tib neeg lub cev los ntawm cov zaub mov cog hauv av "fertilized" nrog cov dej phwj tuaj uas muaj cov kab mob sib kis no?
Raws li ib tug neeg nyob hauv Milwaukee uas yog ntawm 400,000 tus neeg nyob hauv los nrog cov tsos mob hnyav los ntawm cryptosporidium, kuv muaj ob peb lo lus teb rau tus sau ntawm daim ntawv no.
Nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm unbiased comprehensive kev tshawb fawb sau xov xwm, koj ua koj cov tub ntxhais kawm intern ib disservice nrog rau daim no. Kev soj ntsuam cov pa phem tshiab tshwm sim yog qhov zoo, txawm hais tias nws lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau ua kom pom tseeb cov se tshiab. Ua ntej ntsuas rau yav tom ntej cov dej ntxiv uas yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij, koj cov neeg sau xov xwm yuav tsum tau nug MMW txog ntau txhiab nkas loos ntawm cov quav tib neeg nyoos thiab cov dej khib nyiab uas lawv pov tseg rov qab rau hauv Milwaukee cov dej haus. Kuv xav kom muaj lub khob txias txias ntawm qee qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig tshiab tshwm sim tshuaj lom dua li cov turds, ua tsaug. Nws yog luag li koj tsab xov xwm tsis hais qhov no. Qhov kev tshem tawm tsuas yog ib qho pov thawj ntxiv ntawm koj qhov kev tsis txaus siab tsis lees paub thiab cov pov thawj tshiab tshaj plaws uas koj yuav tsum raug ntiab tawm ntawm koj lub chaw ua haujlwm them se. Yog tias koj tsis tuaj yeem ua tus xov xwm tsis ncaj ncees, tsawg kawg sim suav nrog txhua qhov tseeb ntawm qhov xwm txheej. Tsis txhob cob qhia lub hlwb numbed idiots. MSM muaj ntau tshaj qhov txaus lawm.
Qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau kev haus dej haus thiab ua noj ua haus yuav yog tshem dej nag los ntawm lub ru tsev thiab tso nws los ntawm lub lim. Cov dej nag yuav muaj cov tshuaj tsawg dua hauv nws pib dua li cov dej hauv pas dej.//// cov kav dej tam sim no nrog cov kav dej rau txhua lub tsev yuav tsis ua haujlwm. Tsuas yog lwm txoj hauv kev thiab qhov zoo dua yog siv lub tank tuav uas tau ua tiav hauv Nyij Pooj ib puag ncig 1900. Ib lub khw muag cov dej phwj tuaj ntawm cov khoom hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam ib qho rau # 2, ib qho rau # 1.# ib qho rau kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj seem. Tom qab ntawd txhua txhua 3-4 lub hlis cov tso tsheb hlau luam tawm lub cev mus rau ob peb lub kav dej loj thiab muab pov tseg rau hauv lawv cov .manholes thiab / lossis composted ntawm cov khoom, thiab xa mus rau qhov chaw xaiv rau cov tshuaj ntxiv.. Kuv siv cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv kev hloov pauv qhov no kuv tus kheej. nws yog txoj kev superior rau tam sim no system ntseeg kuv.. Kuv tabtom hla cov ntsiab lus.